賄選行為之可罰性研究

The Criminal Accountability of Vote Buying

張益昌(Yi-Chang Chang)

指導教授 ： 周漾沂

國立臺灣大學/法律學院/法律學研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201703552

摘要

賄選行為長期以來在我國刑法體系內被認定是一個具有可罰性的行為，然而其保護法益究竟為何一直是個謎一樣的問題。如何認定賄選行為，以及計算賄選行為的行為數，已經是實務上爭論多年的問題。但是對於這些技術性問題的上位概念：賄選行為的可罰性，雖不到未見隻字片語，但也只有寥寥數筆帶過。本文先從賄選行為在台灣的歷史、進行方式以及成效出發，對賄選行為建立一定的認識，並從三個角度討論本罪的可罰性：公平、效益、不可轉讓性。但本文在分析後認為這三個理由並無法作為處罰賄選行為的正當性基礎。如此勢必有必要從更高階的法益理論著手，來判斷是否有建構其法益正當性的可能。然而在本文採取的法益理論下，對於賄選行為的刑事處罰，並無法滿足普遍有效性的要求，從另一個方面來說，在處理賄選行為的法益問題時，勢必也需要將民主概念與國家理念進行探討，本文認為國家是為了解決主體間的共存問題而存在，而其客觀性解決了因主體有限性而造成問題，同時也提供了一個護衛性制度使人民最大化的實現自由。次一步的問題則是，民主應如何運作才能符合理想設定的國家運作模式。本文在結論上認為，國家理念的設定與民主並沒有直接關係，民主是依附在具有正當性的國家理念之下，自然無法逾越國家正當性的概念，侵犯少數的人法權與自由，從而無從證立其正當性，而應該加以廢除。雖然賄選行為並沒有存在正當性，本文也試圖提出限縮解釋的方向，只有在涉及國家運作體制改變的修憲公投，有其處罰的正當性。

關鍵字

賄選行為 ； 法益理論 ； 選舉制度 ； 民主制度 ； 政治參與

並列摘要

Vote buying was identified as a punitive behavior in our criminal law system for a long time. The argument about how to determine the behavior of vote buying and the number of act has continued for many years, but the superordinate concept of those technical issues, the legal interest of vote buying, is still a question. First, this thesis will review the history, methods and the result of vote buying. Next, this thesis will further discuss the issue of legal interest in three ways: equality, efficiency, and inalienability. Unfortunately, all the three arguments fail to establish the criminal accountability of vote buying. That is to say we need to seek a higher concept of the legal interest theory to clarify the accountability of vote buying. Based on the legal interest theory this thesis takes, the punishment of vote buying cannot meet the standard of general validity. On the other side, to solve further questions of the legal interest, we also need to realize the relationship between the democratic system and the purpose of nation. The purpose of nation is to solve the problems which result from the individual limitation and to establish protective mechanism to maximum the personal freedom. The further question is what type of the democratic system can coordinate the ideal state mission; in the view of this thesis, the democratic system is just a means of accomplishing the state mission. Therefore, the concept of democracy cannot conflict with the state concept; to protect democracy is not a reasonable reason to limit people’s right and freedom. Namely, since there is no reason to establish the accountability of vote buying, this criminal punishment should be abolished. Finally, this thesis tries to point out the possible narrowed interpretive directions: only in the referendum on constitutional amendment, the vote buying need to be prohibited.

並列關鍵字

Vote Buying ； Legal Interest ； Electoral system ； democratic system ； Political participation

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