透過您的圖書館登入
IP:3.226.254.255
  • 學位論文

集水區輸砂量變化與沖積物預算之分析

Analysis of the Changing of Drainage Basin Sediment Yield and Sediment Budget

指導教授 : 李建堂

摘要


國內各水庫為了解決水庫淤積問題,紛紛進行水庫集水區治理,結果卻發現水庫淤積問題仍然相當嚴重,主要是無法確定各集水區的主要輸砂來源。沖積物預算可顯示流域內物質的侵蝕、沖積物的流出及沖積物貯存改變等之間關係的方法,進而瞭解集水區內輸砂量的主要來源。率定曲線分析法,可以用來計算集水區出水口的輸砂量。本研究以石門水庫內高義、霞雲兩測站為例,利用上述兩種方法,以分析影響輸砂量的可能因子及來源,作為未來集水區整治工程的參考。 本研究利用經濟部水利署水文年報中所收集的高義、霞雲兩測站的日流量及日輸砂量資料,進行率定曲線的推定,計算出高義、霞雲兩測站於1965∼2002年間的歷年輸砂量。首先分析高義、霞雲兩測站歷年輸砂量的變化趨勢及可能影響其變化的因子。另外,建立榮華壩建壩前,高義與霞雲兩測站歷年輸砂量的關係模式,然後以此關係模式推估若未建榮華壩時則霞雲測站應有的輸砂量,之後與霞雲測站實際量測的輸砂量比較差值,最後再與榮華壩所攔截的淤積量比較,進行沖積物預算之分析。 研究結果顯示高義、霞雲兩測站歷年輸砂量呈現高低變化逐年遞減,其主要影響因子為颱風及其造成的高流量。而石門水庫集水區的治理,尤其是攔砂壩的興建,的確也發揮其功能而使年輸砂量減少。還有,集水區內的崩塌地面積及土地利用中的果園面積的增加,應該會造成下游輸砂量隨之增加,不過實際上下游的輸砂量卻是逐年減少,顯示增加的輸砂量可能貯存在集水區內。 沖積物預算分析顯示在1983年榮華壩建壩前,下游霞雲測站的輸砂量是比上游高義測站扣除攔砂壩的輸砂量為多,因此可推論在高義、霞雲兩測站之間集水區內的坡地、河道兩岸、河道本身所產生的輸砂量及河谷中貯存的輸砂量有被搬運到霞雲測站的現象。而在榮華壩建壩後,可能是因為集水區治理的關係而造成輸砂量下降,也可能是因為高義、霞雲兩測站之間集水區內的坡地、河道兩岸及河道本身所產生的輸砂量有暫時貯存在兩測站之間的河段內,才會使得榮華壩建壩後霞雲測站的輸砂量有相對減少的現象。不過,實際的狀況仍需要後續的研究及進行實際的量測才能加以確定。 關鍵詞:輸砂量、率定曲線、沖積物預算、石門水庫

並列摘要


In order to solve the problem of excessive sediment accumulation in reservoirs in the country, officials have implemented numerous reservoir management plans. The results still show the situation of sediment accumulation under the reservoirs is still very severe. Sediment budget shows the correlation between the erosion of the materials, the flow of sediment, and the change in the storage of the sediment, and can help us to understand the sources of sediment. Meanwhile, rating curve can be used to measure the suspended load of the drainage basin outlet. This research would use the above two methods in the area of both Kao-Yi and Hsia-Yun hope to understand the affective potential factors and sources of sediment yield, thus provide a reference for future reservoir management projects. Using the Hydrological Year Book of Taiwan form 1965 to 2002 published by Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs, it shows the daily discharge and suspended load from 2 stations, Kao-Yi and Hsia-Yun. Use SPSS statistics software to decide the most appropriate rating curve, and then researchers can calculate annual sediment yield of both Kao-Yi and Hsia-Yun stations. First, by using statistic methods such as correlation analysis, regression analysis, and box-and-whisker plot from ANOVA analysis, one can analyze the chronological sediment yield and its possible causes. In addition, establish the annual sediment yield relationship of Kao-Yi and Hsia-Yun before the construction of Jung-Hua Dam, and then use this relationship to presume Hsia-Yun original annual sediment if Jung-Hua Dam was not built. Finally, we can compare Hsia-Yun annual sediment yield from original and post- construction of Jung-Hua Dam, and see the differences, then compare it to real measure annual sediment yield found in Jung-Hua Dam, we then can do a further analysis on sediment budget. Analysis found that typhoons and peak discharge triggered by it are the main factors that cause the change in Kao-Yi and Hsia-Yun annual sediment yield, and management plans for the Shih-Men Reservoir drainage basin, especially the constructions of check dam, have effectively reduced the annual sediment yield. By the way, the increases areas of landslide and landuse of orchard around the research area shall increase downstream sediment yields, but actually is decreasing year by year, show that the increases of sediment yields still remain in the research area. Analysis of sediment budget show before the construction of Jung-Hua Dam 1983, downstream sediment yields of Hsia-Yun are more than upstream sediment yields of Kao-Yi subtract check dam, then we can assume sediment yields produced by the slope, channel bank, channel itself and the valley storage in the drainage basin between Kao-Yi and Hsia-Yun were delivered to Hsia-Yun station. The decades after the construction of Jung-Hua Dam, maybe the management plans for the Shih-Men Reservoir drainage basin, or sediment yield produced by the slope, channel bank and channel itself may temporally remain in the drainage basin channel between Kao-Yi and Hsia-Yun, so sediment yields of Hsia-Yun are relatively decrease before the construction of Jung-Hua Dam. But the actually condition still need further research and measure. Keywords: sediment yield、rating curve、sediment budget、 Shih-Men Reservoir

參考文獻


趙倬群(2004)石門水庫集水區崩塌土砂產量推估之研究,國立臺灣大學土木工程學研究所碩士論文。
阮香蘭、何智武、呂建華(1992)石門水庫集水區河川系統之研究,中華水土保持學報,23(2):13- 28。
Barsch, D. , Gude, M. , Mausbacher, R. ,Schukraft, G. and Schulte, A.(1994) Sediment transport and discharge in a arctic catchment (Liefdefjorden, NW Spitsbergen).In: Ergenzinger, P. and Schmidt, K. H.(eds.) Dynamics and Geomorphology of Mountain Rivers, Springer, Berlin, p:225-237.
Brandt, S. A.(2000)Classification of geomorphological effects downstream of dams,Catena,40:375-401.
Meade, R. H.(1982)Sources, sinks and storage of river sediment in the Atlantic drainage of the United States, The Journal of Geology,90:235-252.

被引用紀錄


李聖文(2011)。巴陵壩潰壩後河床形貌變遷行為之研究〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342%2fNTU.2011.01581
王瀅婷(2010)。巴陵壩潰壩後對上游河床變遷影響之研究〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342%2fNTU.2010.02378

延伸閱讀