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  • 學位論文

擬靜態結構試驗控制軟體架構

A Software Framework for Quasi-static Structural Testing

指導教授 : 蔡克銓

摘要


過去數十年來,在結構工程研究領域中,研究人員廣泛利用擬靜態試驗法(quasi-static structural testing)對結構構件及結構系統進行各種測試,以求能更深入了解待測試體之力學行為。相對於其他結構試驗法,擬靜態試驗法之所以在結構實驗室中被廣泛運用,其原因主要包括下列二者:(1)以本試驗法進行結構試驗,所需之硬體設備相對來說較為經濟。(2)本試驗法能提供研究人員高度彈性。舉凡試體結構大小與幾何、試驗流程安排等諸項直接影響試驗設置之因素,相較於其他試驗法,在擬靜態試驗法中,較容易透過修改控制軟體、搭配使用不同硬體等方式達成試驗目的。然而,在此陳述的擬靜態試驗法所能提供的高度彈性卻並不常見於傳統結構試驗室中,主要的原因是由於截至目前為止,在控制軟體建構上,欠缺了一個有彈性、容易擴充且已解決多數擬靜態試驗法中所面臨問題的軟體架構(software framework)。 本研究嘗試建立此一軟體架構,期望此軟體架構能解決大部份於進行擬靜態試驗時所會遭遇到的問題。因而在需要建立一個新的結構實驗室控制軟體以進行擬靜態試驗時,能直接使用此軟體架構所提供之功能,進而容易地達成實驗目的之要求。 為能建立此一軟體架構,本研究首先審視了目前在結構實驗室中,已經實作出之擬靜態試驗之特性。同時列出了一個理想中的擬靜態試驗法所能提供的功能。本研究接著進行了物件導向分析、設計與實作。透過物件導向分析,找出了執行擬動態試驗法時若干重要概念,並將之抽象化為底層基礎類別。另外,亦探討了這些基礎抽象類別彼此間之互動模式,並由探討結果進行物件導向設計與實作,最後提出一軟體架構。 本研究利用提出之軟體架構,以C++程式語言建立了一實驗控制軟體。此實驗控制軟體大量利用本研究所提出之軟體架構,並建立幾個客製化之類別,以能控制國家地震工程研究中心反力牆與強力地板結構實驗室中所使用之硬體設備。 本研究利用上述實驗控制軟體,在實驗室中實際以之控制實驗設備,進行了兩個系列的擬靜態試驗,包括反覆載重試驗,與雙向擬動態試驗。試驗皆已順利完成,證明了本研究所提出之軟體架構之有效性。

並列摘要


The quasi-static structural testing method has been widely employed in structural laboratories by researchers to explore the mechanical behaviors of structural components and systems for several decades. This is mainly due to cost-efficiency of the required apparatus and the flexibility that can be provided by the testing method. However, in general the flexibility that can be potentially drawn out from the testing method are not fully implemented in laboratories mainly due to the fact of lackness of a flexible and extensible software architecture of the control applications used to conduct quasi-static structural tests. Laboratory technicians typically need to modify existing control programs to meet the ever-changing requirements for different quasi-static structural tests. The feature of cost-efficiency in fact adds difficulty in this situation since it is usually required to modify the existing control applications to incorporate the newly purchased equipments in the original testing environment and the coding efforts needed in such incorporation typically is not easy. The objective of the research described in this dissertation is to develop a object-oriented software framework that can be used to build software applications to conduct quasi-static structural tests in structural laboratories. The software framework is expected to be able to solve most of the frequently encountered problems in implementing quasi-static structural tests. To this end, the characteristics of quasi-static structural testing were reviewed and the desired features of this testing method were listed. Object-oriented analysis was performed and based the analysis results key abstractions were identified. Based on the results drawn from the object-oriented analysis, object-oriented design was also perfomed. In the process of object-oriented dsign, key scenarios that are frequently encountered were reviewed and the interaction between those key abstractions was identified. Finally based on the results obtained from the object-oriented design, the software framework was built by object-oriented programming. An example software program was built using the proposed software framework. This application extends the proposed software framework and constructs a number of C++ classes that work with the hardware equipments utilized in the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, Taiwan. Two series of quasi-static structural tests, one series of cyclic tests and another series of pseudo-dynamic tests, were conducted using the said control application. The proposed software framework is validated by the success of these two series of tests.

參考文獻


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