母子公司間租賃合約與外幣避險之研究

在國際財務報導準則第十六號(IFRS16)規範下，最重大的轉變即承租人需對租賃交易進行資本化處理。本文將以此議題為主軸，並以衝擊最大的航空業為釋例說明，進一步探討IFRS16 下對企業之影響以及相關會計處理。本文首先於第二章概述IFRS16 之目的與範圍、辨認流程以及與IAS17 之差異。第三章將以母子公司以及關聯企業間之租賃交易為主軸，在出租人採用營業租賃方式認列，導致交易雙方對租賃分類不一致的情況下，分析母公司、合併報表以及投資公司帳上分別於順流與逆流交易下所需做的調整。另外，本章同時也對投資公司於認列投資科目時方法的選用與所需的資料進行探討。第四章將介紹在IFRS16 下，企業若以外幣營業租賃之方式承租資產，則該項交易對其損益以及資產負債之淨影響，同時也帶出針對此衝擊帶來的避險需求。本文再進一步將視角擴大至母子公司，以購入遠期外匯合約作為避險項目，說明於不同被避險項目下帶來之避險效果。同時也針對母公司吸收或分散子公司風險，對其個體報表以及合併報表之影響進行分析。

關鍵字

國際財務報導準則第十六號；避險；租賃；外幣；外幣租賃；租賃避險

並列摘要

The major change of IFRS16 is the lease capitalization of lessees, and it is also the main issue of this thesis. We will take the aviation industry for example, and further discuss the impact to the companies under the rule of IFRS16. In Chapter 2, we will firstly introduce the aim and the scope of IFRS16, the identification process and the differences between IFRS16 and IAS17. In Chapter 3, we will focus on internal lease transactions in parent-subsidiary companies and also associates. When lessors recognize the transactions as operating leases, then the classification comes up inconsistent with lessees. We will analyze how to adjust in financial statements in both downstream and upstream transactions. Besides, we will also discuss what information does the investors need when recognizing invest account and which method should they choose in different situations. In Chapter 4, we will discuss the impacts of net income and net worth when companies use foreign currency for operating lease. In this case, the companies may have the need of foreign currency hedging. We put the eye on the intragroup, buying the forward foreign exchange contract as hedging instrument and explain the effect of different hedged items. Besides the above, this chapter also analyzes the impacts to both separate and consolidated statements when the parent choose absorb or separate the risks from the subsidiary.