全球化下的台北都市辯證－消費奇觀的建構與另類出路之空間生產

The Urban Dialectics in Globalizing Taipei: The Construction of the Spectacle and The Production of An Alternative Project

邱詠婷(Yung-Teen Chiu)

指導教授 ： 夏鑄九

國立臺灣大學/工學院/建築與城鄉研究所/博士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.01812

摘要

以"都市馬克思主義學者(metro-marxist)"列斐伏爾的空間生產理論為基礎，初步探討台北作為理論化的消費空間，試圖在文本分析與行動過程中透視、重審台北，藉由城市經驗與物視覺影像辯證性(dialectical seeing)等理論閱讀(speculating)台北作為後現代資本主義城市已渾然成型的空間生產與空間經驗所延伸的矛盾與馴服。鋪陳表象(appearance) 消費的現代性空間氛圍與文本閱讀所形構的「台北奇觀計畫」－拼貼台北建構出的想像城市、全球亞太和中產階級生活型態(bourgeois lifestyles)—one spectacular global mega-project。對於班雅明都市經驗矛盾的唯一出路，一是抵抗，二是擁抱。藉由台北市士林紙廠購物中心開發案：一個未完成的計劃，想像所形成的抵抗力量與可能內爆的勞工空間表徵、過程與角色立場分析，再現與展現(represent and presentation)城市的文化記憶與認同 (memories and identities)。最後藉由班雅明式的藝術作品(work of art) 美學經驗來完成競逐式的美學象徵空間文本，擁抱的是對未來台北的消費空間化的婉拒以及非藍圖式創作過程的台北在場證明。
消費奇觀的生產和全球競爭是以都市發展為最高指標，卻如101般是空洞的城市消費。從奇觀的想像–現代建築–與建築是藉由OEM方式處理勞工與全球品牌，學習西化流行的現場，與類公共空間，實構了虛擬的空間–不論時尚知識，空間是類中產階級都必須要學習的非自主性消費者，和新勞動者–服務業者的養成。在工業生產地景中，探討城市的價值建構。以都市計畫–經濟掛帥，轉向文化價值與商業消費並肩作戰做為對抗，卻因不願從保留、保存逐漸消失的勞動資產，因而失去了主體性。在階級都市計劃過程中，以勞動文化與其集體記憶作為建立勞工文化與價值，抵抗布爾喬亞空間／菁英，在士紙案例中勞工以參與式設計挑戰現代建築的空間。都市設計–都市設計委員會不是平台，而是戰場－是意義的競爭。此案例研究傳統／現代、真實／虛擬、建築／革命、文化／資本、歷史／記憶、開發／保存、自主／馴化的非常台北也非常現代的進步性–退步性 (progressive/regressive) 都市論戰的辯證關係。
研究指出在消費空間中，空間的生產從歷史的土地變遷、過時奇觀(passé spectacle)的「挪用」，想像全球化下的設計的生產中，角色是布爾喬亞的文化想像，除了扮演著只是消費與服務，卻在過程中失去了自主性，徹底甘願馴化的過程，慾望是標準化而有侷限的。在一個購物中心開發案，空間的生產藉由老員工和建築師的空間表徵，拉開了都市空間專業的論戰，藉由台北的都市設計過程，從威權、經濟為主到最後以後現代多元規劃，成為意義與價值的競爭之場域。而這個競爭是主體建構與追求與發展取向的資本積累的台北空間生產之真實現場。藉由空間專業的角色、資方與勞方的巡視，在消費空間與生產地景之間，所形成的論戰：記憶與歷史、開發與保存、文化資產與文化產業，重新思索現代建築與參與式設計之間的虛與實，表象與消逝中的都市意義：「台北」，專業的自主追求的可能與另類計畫包含都市作為創作的歷程，類建築師實踐的反思。

關鍵字

全球化 ； 奇觀 ； 購物中心 ； 空間生產 ； 建築設計 ； 布爾喬亞 ； 集體記憶

並列摘要

The dissertation revisits Metromarxists such as Lefebvre, Production of Space; Benjamin’s dialectical seeing and Debord’s theorization of Spectacle- in speculating the emerging globalizing consumption space of Taipei. Through urban readings of the four malls newly constructed after the millennium, the research attempts to theorize Taipei as emerging postmodern capitalist city in the construction of the ‘appearance’ , by creating one spectacular global mega-project based mainly on the spatial imagination of the Modernity, bourgeois lifestyles, and Globalization, yet only to disguise the disappearance of civil society. Unmasked by city’s urban design process which become an arena of the contested site for cultural meanings in the old paper mills factory –turned shopping mall redevelopment project: questioning who has the right to design public space of the city and who has right to interpret urban memory. Through cultural representation of space between the old paper mills workers and architect/capitalist in which the worker’s alternative project of representational spaces comprising of collective memories and identities rise above the capitalistic symbolic capital and redefine Taipei as work of art.

By critical reading of malls, the malling of Taipei has manifested the globalization in spatial transformation which made the social polarization ever so apparent. This appearance is based on the hidden relaxation of local urban planning policy, professional’s regressive attitude as well as the passé imagination toward spatial form of architectural spectacles. The outside-in experience has allowed such tabular rasa the unique rhythm of Taipei rather than exception. The inside-out reading has allow one to see the forces of global luxury brand boutique became Taipei bourgeois’s imaginable ‘home’—a phantasmorphia which is under subjugating and homogenizing power . The Urban dialectics between the tradition/modern, culture/capital, private/public, preservation/development and finally the subjectivity/dulcification which can be read vividly in the ‘malling of Taipei’ is ultimately an issue of class struggle over space in consumer society.

The research, based on the myrid methodologies such as textual analysis, and participatory observation find the Taipei Globalization Project , through the spatial transformation has brought Taipei not in the direction of the progress where global/Pacific Rim economic competitiveness is ever so illusive, but rather in malling the city –increasingly commodified, in which public space has become privatized and gentrified. Through the shopping mall redevelopment where people’s stories could be heard in the private project and the participatory design process not only present worker’s memories but also represent the collective work of art: ‘Taipei’ can be created, by transforming the capitalist mode of production and pointing the new design alternative project for Taipei as the emerging socially just global-city.

並列關鍵字

Globalization ； Spectacle ； Malling ； Production of Space ； Cultural Representation of Space ； Bourgeois ； Collective Memories

參考文獻

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