市區道路小汽車變換車道防撞警示系統之研究

Study of Lane-Changing Collision Avoidance & Warning System on Urban Major Arterial

孫將瓴(Jiang-Ling Sun)

指導教授 ： 許添本

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.02157

摘要

在2004年市區道路事故中，變換車道相關之事故即占了全部事故的2/3以上，故可得知車輛在變換車道時，具有較高之危險，因此防碰撞是一項值得深入探討之課題。但目前國內的變換車道之研究多偏重在駕駛者變換車道之行為，且多以高速公路為主要分析之課題，故本研究旨在探討市區道路駕駛者變換車道相關之行為特性，並進一步擬定一套防撞系統，給予駕駛者在市區變換車道之安全性警告，以減少本車與周遭車輛事故的發生率與降低其事故之嚴重度。本研究以高樓攝影的方式蒐集市區道路路段中內側雙車道變換車道之樣本，分析變換車道樣本其周遭車輛相對於本車之速度、間距關係，並考量變換車道過程中最具碰撞危險之情形，擬定一套各車之防撞警示門檻與本車道(前車)、目標車道(鄰前車、鄰後車)之防撞警示系統，提供本車駕駛者欲執行變換車道時，若與周遭車輛發生碰撞危險時，立即給予其警告之警示。於研究中，亦蒐集了市區道路小汽車變換車道相關之交通參數，說明在市區道路路段中駕駛者之變換車道行為與駕駛者在變換車道時受到周遭車輛影響之差異。並且研究中也定義了市區道路周遭車輛影響本車變換車道之範圍，前車與鄰前車之影響範圍約為30公尺，而鄰後車影響範圍約為15公尺。最後研究初始位置之本車與其他車輛之相對間距、相對速度關係，擬定一多項式之動態防撞警示門檻，且依危險程度不同區分為綠燈、黃燈與紅燈三種警示方式，給予駕駛者變換車道之安全警告。

關鍵字

變換車道 ； 防撞 ； 警示系統

並列摘要

At the statistics of urban arterial accident in 2004, it accounted for all more than two-third accidents that were correlated with the behavior of lane-changing, so it is known that how the valuable study should be done at the topic of lane-changing collision avoidance on urban arterial. But the study about lane-changing merely stressed on the lane-changing behavior discussion on freeway. Therefore, the objective of this study will focus on the setting lane-changing collision avoidance system on urban major arterial, and by the survey of lane-changing behavior, drawing up a set of lane-changing collision avoidance threshold to alarm drivers when they want to execute the strategy of lane-changing. By this way, it can decrease the probability of lane-changing collision and the severity of lane-changing accident. The study used photography above high building to collect the sample of lane-changing, and then analyzed the relationship between gap and relative speed within various vehicles to establish the lane-changing collision avoidance system toward ordinary lane and target lane. In this study, the correlative traffic parameters revealed the driver’s lane-changing behavior on urban major arterial and the influential difference by the surrounding vehicles. The influential scope of surrounding vehicle had been decided in this study: lead vehicle and adjacent lead vehicle are 30 meters in front of subject vehicle, and adjacent following vehicle is 15 meters in back of subject vehicle. Eventually, the study uses three kinds of light alarm ways (green light, yellow light, and red light) to give a warning of lane-changing to drivers and suggests them to make a relevant improvement strategy to avoid a collision occurrence.

並列關鍵字

lane-changing ； collision avoidance ； warning system

參考文獻

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