聚丙烯丁酯共聚物及其奈米複合材料在膠態光敏型太陽能電池上的應用

Application of Poly(butylacrylate) Copolymers and Their Nanocomposites on Gel-type Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

鄧翔允(Hsiang-Yun Teng)

指導教授 ： 林金福

國立臺灣大學/工學院/材料科學與工程學研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2008.02202

摘要

本研究首先利用無乳化劑乳化聚合法製作出聚丙烯丁酯及其衍生共聚高分子，且用一樣的方法製作出蒙托石與高分子複合物和奈米碳管與高分子複合物，接著利用各種儀器如NMR、TEM、TGA、DSC等，量測其結構以及熱性質。將配置好的丙腈電解質加到上述材料中可製成膠態電解質，之後再探討製作出的膠態電解質系統對染料敏化二氧化鈦太陽能電池光電轉換效率的影響，期望可以可以維持像液態元件那樣高轉換效率，且能改善液態元件的封裝問題。
經由量測膠態電解質系統的導電度，以及對膠態電解質系統元件作交流阻抗分析，可得知離子在電解質中的導電效果以及元件中的阻抗分布。量測的結果可發現P(BA-co-AA)以及P(BA-co-ma)膠態電解質系統相較於PBA膠態電解質系統有較高的導電度與較好的離子擴散速率。
以元件的表現來看，PBA膠態電解質系統在入射光能量為100mW/cm2的光電轉換效率最高可達5.46%，而P(BA-co-AA)以及P(BA-co-ma)膠態電解質系統的光電轉換效率最高可達7.88%，此效率的提升推測是由於P(BA-co-AA)以及P(BA-co-ma)膠態電解質系統多了酸基，導至其極性提高，故傳導離子的效果更佳，自然光電轉換效率也有不少提升。而蒙托石/ copolymer複合物膠態電解質相較於copolymer膠態電解質，光電轉換效率大致上有明顯的提升，且開環電壓有增加的現象。而奈米碳管/coopolymer複合物膠態電解質相較於copolymer膠態電解質，光電轉換效率也有提升，不過開環電壓沒有太明顯的改變。
在電池長期穩定度之實驗，發現蒙托石/ P(BA-co-ma)和奈米碳管/P(BA-co-ma)膠態電解質系統，過了30天之後還會有第一天效率的60%；而P(BA-co-ma)膠態電解質系統，到了第8天就沒有效率了，顯然在電解質中加入脫層蒙脫石或奈米碳管，可以延長電池的壽命。

關鍵字

染料敏化太陽能電池高分子/蒙托石複合材料 ； 高分子/奈米碳管複合材料 ； 膠態電解質系統 ； 聚丙烯丁酯聚丙烯丁酯

並列摘要

The first step of this research was to fabricate poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA), poly (butyl acrylatet-co-acrylic acid) (P (BA-co-AA)) and poly (butyl acrylatet-co-maleic anhydride) (P(BA-co-ma)) latices by soap-free emulsion polymerization, and to fabricate their Montmorillonite (MMT) composite and multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite latices by using the same method. TEM, NMR, TGA and DSC were employed to investigate their morphology, chemical structures and thermal properties. After manufacturing the above latices, they were used to gel the LiI / I2 / TBP electrolyte systems in liquid propionitrile for preparation of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Then, we investigated the effects of gel-type electrolytes on the performance of DSSCs in order to find suitable gelatinizing materials for higher performance and longer durability.
The conductivity of gel-type electrolytes could be estimated by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that P(BA-co-AA) and P(BA-co-ma) gel-type electrolyte system had higher conductivity and ionic diffusion rate than PBA gel-type electrolyte system. In terms of the performances of devices, the best photon-to electron power conversion efficiency of PBA-gelled electrolyte system was 5.46% and that of P(BA-co-AA) and P (BA-co-ma) gelled electrolyte system was 7.88%. The higher efficiency of DSSCs with P(BA-co-AA) and P(BA-co-ma) gelled electrolyte system might be due to the higher dipole moment of gelatinizing polymers. Compared to the copolymer-gelled electrolytes, their MMT and MWCNT composite-gelled electrolytes had better power efficiency and higher open-circuit photovoltage.
In the durability test of the gel-type DSSCs, we found that the DSSCs with MMT/P(BA-co-ma) and MWCNT/P(BA-co-ma)-gelled electrolyte systems were able to remain 60% of the-first-day efficiency after thirty day test, and that with P(BA-co-ma)-gelled electrolyte system had efficiency drop to nil after eight day test. Apparently, incorporation of MMT or MWCNT to the copolymer-gelled electrolytes was able to prolong the survice life of DSSCs.

並列關鍵字

dye-sensitized solar cell ； polymer/MMT composite ； polymer/MWCNT composite ； gel-type electrolyte system ； poly(butyl acrylate)

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