住宅環境中居家意外形成之探討—以台北市居家意外事故為例

Case Study on the Formation of Home Accidents in Taipei Residential Environment.

沈洳慧(Ju-Hui Shen)

指導教授 ： 陳亮全

國立臺灣大學/工學院/建築與城鄉研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2005.10326

摘要

「居住安全」是人類居住生活中的重要需求之一，也是評估居住環境品質最首要的指標。隨著都市中高密度高層化的住宅趨勢發展，住宅中的活動需求增加且複雜化，增加日常生活中居家意外的發生機率。人的日常生活中由使用狀態變化的環境因素、行為因素接連不斷的推移，而產生正常、異常、非常三種行為狀態。日常生活的大部分處於連續的正常狀態之中，這三種狀態之間的推移，因人或所處的狀況而異。在日常生活中要完全不受危險狀態的威脅是不可能的，當物理狀態不安全，或人的生理狀態不安全時，則意外隨時可能發生。
居家意外的發生是一組行為過程中，部分環節上的失誤，其失誤主要是由不安全環境、不安全行為與機會因素所構成。不安全環境受意外情境與潛在的社會環境因素作用。不安全行為的形成受環境因素如：使用不便、支持度不足等，以及個人因素作用。行為是由個體與環境互動產生，整體而言，環境因素與個體因素是形成居家意外事故的兩大因素。環境因素包含社會環境、自然環境、物理條件與空間條件等因子；個體因素包含素質、一般心理、經歷和身心狀態等因子。
根據調查結果，本研究建立出居家意外形成的因果概念。高齡者受到老化影響，對危險知覺能力與運動機能較低，容易因為環境支持度不足而導致事故發生。青壯年族群的安全能力高，意外事故的發生主要是由於不安全行為所導致。孩童對於危險的認知能力較低、好奇心高，一旦大人監督不週加上環境管理不當，則意外隨時可能發生。預防居家意外的發生，需了解行為與環境互動過程中可能失誤，以及影響居住環境的潛在因素，針對行為與環境問題加以改善。

關鍵字

居家意外 ； 不安全行為 ； 不安全環境

並列摘要

Case Study on the Formation of Home Accidents
in Taipei Residential Environment.

Shen, Ju-Hui
Master’s Thesis of Graduate Institute of Building and Planning, National Taiwan University

Abstract
“Home safety” is the most important needs in human life, which is also the indicator of quality for residential environment. Fallow the habitation trends of high-density, high-rising in city, activity needs in dwellings increase and become complicated, home accidents in daily life become seriously. The pattern of using behavior in daily life construct from the transition of environmental factors and behavioral factors, include normal, unusual, extremely three behavioral conditions. Daily life mostly continuous in normal condition, and the shift between three conditions depends on the situation people confront. When physical state or physiological state is unsafe, accidents could occur then.
Formation of home accidents considered as part of error through a set of behavioral process. The major errors constructed from unsafe environment, unsafe behavior, and chance. Unsafe environment affected by dangerous situation and potential social factors. Unsafe behavior affected by environmental factors, and personal factors. Behaviors are formed by human and environment interaction. Generally, home accidents are formed by environmental and human factors. Environmental factors contain social environment, natural environment, physical conditions, and space conditions. Human factors contain quality, general psychology, experience, and body-mind state.
The research constructs a concept of causation on home accidents. Cause of accidents in elders from low perception and motion ability to hazards, along with insufficient assistant of environment. Though general group have higher safe ability, unsafe behavior is the major caused of accidents. Children have immature recognition to hazards, when environmental situation is unsafe and parents are careless, which will result in accidents. By discovering the possible errors between behavior and environment interaction, potential influence factors in residential environment, and improve behavior and environment problems, we can prevent home accidents.

並列關鍵字

home accidents ； unsafe behavior ； unsafe environment

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