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  • 學位論文

兄弟•姊妹不一樣?手足的性別組成對教育成就的影響

Are Brothers and Sisters Different? The Effects of Sibship Sex Composition on Educational Achievement

指導教授 : 蘇國賢

摘要


「手足」結構(sibship configurations)對於教育成就的影響長期以來一直是教育階層化研究關注的重要議題。過去有關手足結構的研究多專注於手足人數(sibship size)、出生排行(birth order)、出生年齡間隔(spacing)等面向對於子女教育成就的影響,但較少研究關注「手足性別組成」(sibship sex composition)的重要性且缺乏一致性的看法。本研究以「資源稀釋模型」(resource dilution Model)為主軸,探討家庭內的手足性別組成結構,對於子女教育成就的影響。 本研究運用「台灣社會變遷基本調查」第四期第三次社會階層組問卷進行分析,將手足性別組成的影響,從手足規模中區分出來並透過個人性別與手足性別的交互關係分解手足性別組成對教育成就的影響;從台灣文化脈絡下分析男性手足及性別少數假設對於不同性別者的非對稱性影響,也更進一步分析手足的性別組成如何對長女的不利位置產生影響。 研究發現,女性擁有資源較少且不穩定的情況下,其受到手足結構的影響大於男性。分析結果如下: (一)控制手足人數後,兄弟人數對女性成就的負向影響顯著高於男性;對女性來說,男性手足有手足規模之外的附加影響力。 (二)控制手足人數後,性別少數對女性的正向影響力高於男性;對女性來說,成為家中唯一的女生有助於提升其教育成就。 (三)控制手足人數後,男性手足對長女的負向影響高於非長女者;長女且有弟弟是最不利的狀況。 (四)控制手足人數後,性別少數對長女的正向影響高於非長女者;身為長女且同時為家中獨女(家裡只有一個女兒)可以減緩長女不利地位對教育成就的影響。 本研究在東亞社會的特定文化脈絡之下檢視「資源稀釋模型」在手足的性別組成對教育成就影響中如何的運作,並且提出本研究之限制與對未來研究的建議。

並列摘要


Educational stratification theorists have long been interested in the effects of sibship configurations on educational achievement. Numerous studies about sibship configuration have been devoted to the effects of sibship size, birth order, and spacing on education; however, far less agreement has been reached over the educational implications of sibship sex composition. In this study, the resource dilution model is the main explanation for the effects of sex composition of the sibling group. This study explores the effects of sibship sex structure net of sibship size and decomposes these effects on educational attainment by the sex of the respondent and his/her siblings. Furthermore, in the context of patriarchal culture and Confucian culture, I analyze the position of female firstborn child in the family and how it is affected by sibship sex composition. With analyses of data from the Taiwan Social Change Survey: Year 4 of Cycle 3 (Questionnaire 1: Stratification), I find several empirical evidence to support the hypotheses. First, after controlling the impact of sibship size, the effect of the number of brothers on educational achievement is gender-asymmetric, and females suffer more detrimental effects in the process of resource dilution than males. Next, the sex minority hypothesis does not operate equally for both sexes, and having all opposite sex siblings is a significant benefit for females. Third, female firstborn children with younger brothers are situated at the lowest position in the family. Finally, the positive impact of sex minority on education still exists between firstborn females.

參考文獻


章英華、傅仰止主編,2003,〈台灣地區社會變遷基本調查計劃-第四期第三次調查計劃執行報告〉,中央研究院社會學研究所。
吳慧瑛,2007,〈家庭背景與教育成就:五個出生世代的比較分析〉,《人口學刊》34:109-143。
駱明慶,2000,〈教育成就的省籍與性別差異〉,《經濟論文叢刊》29(2):117-151。
Andersson, G, K., Hank M. Ronsen, and A. Vikat. 2006. "Gendering the Family Composition: Sex Preferences for Children and Childbearing in the Nordic Countries." Demography 43:255-267.
Astone, Nan M. and Sarah S. Mclanahan. 1991. "Family Structure, Parental Practices and High School Completion." American Sociological Review 56:309-320.

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張朝鈞(2016)。手足效果與族群差異:以TEPS資料實證〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201601619

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