政府土地徵收補償之研究-從財產權的觀點

THE STUDY OF GOVERNMENT’S COMPENSATION FOR LAND EXPROPRIATION：A PERSPECTIVE OF PROPERTY RIGHT

劉志清(Chih-Ching Liu)

指導教授 ： 蕭全政

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/政治學研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2009.02995

摘要

近年來，由於經濟發展快速，政府積極興辦各項公共建設，而公共建設所需的土地常會用到私人土地，而現階段對於私人土地仍以徵收方式取得。
以往台灣對公共設施用地徵收的補償標準是依據公告現值加四成作為標準，此價格與市價有所差距，因此徵收過程常引起民眾不滿，導致公共工程無法進行。為使公共設施能順利開發，徵收的補償價格須改以市場價格為準，使被徵收的地主不至於群起抗爭。
土地徵收乃基於公益而對私人財產權之侵害，故補償的合理性、公平性攸關人民權益，應予以重視。但由過去文獻及統計資料中得知，土地徵收補償一直存在許多爭議，民眾也不斷提出質疑。舉凡補償數額、項目、查估過程與方法，一直是爭議的焦點，可見在目前體制下，土地徵收補償似乎存在一些值得探討的問題。
　 在台灣的土地徵收制度下，土地徵收一直被視為政府執行都市公共政策的重要工具，但是土地徵收制度變遷的原因及對財產權配置的影響，很少被深入的探討，亦少有相關的實證研究予以論述說明。由於土地徵收影響人民的土地財產權範圍，因此，以財產權為研究的焦點，連結制度及執行層面的動態分析，可以更深入地了解政策運作的過程，檢視土地徵收制度設計的問題，藉以提供更佳的制度環境。本研究基於財產權的觀點，連結制度變遷及執行層面的分析，研究所有權人及利益團體如何透過與政府的協商，改變土地徵收制度，進而影響財產權配置的問題。

關鍵字

土地徵收 ； 徵收補償 ； 財產權

並列摘要

Because of our fast-developing economy, Taiwan government establishes all kinds of public construction actively in recent years. However, some of the needed lands are private,have been expropriated by the government.
In the past, Taiwan government took announced land current vale(at most plus 40 percent) as levy compensation, but this compensation was much less than market price. The private land owners always dissatisfied with levy progress, and boycotted the public construction involved.
Compulsory purchase based on public interest significantly infringes upon private properties; therefore, a fair or just compensation should be took into account. Previous studies and statistics show that owners whose properties are taken often argue against decisions on compensation amount, items, valuation process and appraisal methods. Therefore, the current compensation system seems to suffer from problems which warrant further investigation.
Land expropriation is regarded as an important instrument for enforcing urban policy in Taiwan. Land expropriation does not only control the quality of urban environment, but affect the price of real estate. However, the reasons of Land expropriation institutional changes and the factors influenced the assignment of property rights are very rarely investigated. The decision of land expropriation will directly influence the scope of landowners’ property rights. Thus, based upon the viewpoint of property rights, incorporated with institutional and enforcing dimension to conduct a dynamic analysis can deeply investigate the process of policy operation and overlook the problems of institutional design so as to provide better institutional environment for land expropriation.
This research, based on the property rights perspective, intends to investigate the change of land expropriation and its enforcement. The study pays special attention to the bargaining among private landowners, interest groups and government authority. In order to improve the institutional environment, this paper will also try to find how the property right allocation involved in the process of enforcement.

並列關鍵字

LAND EXPROPRIATION ； EXPROPRIATION COMPENSATION ； PROPERTY RIGHT

參考文獻

黃錦堂，2008。「財產權保障與水源保護區之管理：德國法的比較」，台灣大學法學叢論，37(3)。

黃宗樂，1991。「土地徵收補償法上若干問題之研討」，台灣大學法學叢論，21(1):67-103。

吳清輝 2002。「論土地問題之本質與根源」，土地問題季刊，1(1):24-25。

林子欽、張正，2004。「地主和承租人如何面對土地徵收的風險？」，台灣土地研究，7(1):1-18。

蔡吉源，2001。「台灣土地課稅制度：問題、影響與改革」，台灣土地研究，3(3):37-82。