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  • 學位論文

利用高通量鑑定單一核苷酸多型性研發藍瑞斯母豬窩仔數相關分子標記

Using High-Throughput Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping to Reveal Litter Size-Related Molecular Markers in Landrace Sows

指導教授 : 丁詩同
共同指導教授 : 林恩仲(En-Chung Lin)

摘要


母豬繁殖性能是養豬產業生產效率之重要因子,當中又以窩仔數為最重要之經濟繁殖性狀,若能改進窩仔數將能提升養豬產業整體之經濟效益。近年來,隨著分子生物技術之發展,藉由候選基因分析方法(candidate gene approach)找尋分子遺傳標記,並應用於標記輔助選拔(marker-assisted selection, MAS),將可大幅改進母豬繁殖性狀之選拔效應。藍瑞斯品種母豬為臺灣育種策略中的重要豬種,但至今仍未出現能夠顯著影響純種藍瑞斯母豬窩仔數的分子遺傳標記。 豬桑椹胚至囊胚時期的發育過程,為埋殖前胚成功著床以及胎體成功發育之關鍵時期。因此,本論文藉由桑椹胚發育至早期囊胚階段中,mRNA 表現量顯著增加或降低之基因作為候選基因,並進一步找尋其調控區域之單一核苷酸多型性 (single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP)分子遺傳標記,同時建立高通量(high-throughput)SNP基因型分析系統平台,利用高通量基因型分析方法不僅降低每一個SNP位點分析的成本,並可以同時大量且快速的鑑定 SNP 基因型作為瞭解其與窩仔數之間的關係,期能篩選出針對藍瑞斯母豬窩仔數高低產的標記,以協助遺傳育種改良。 來自四間種豬場且無相關遺傳背景之純種藍瑞斯母豬共30頭定序後發現,在 19 個候選基因裡,共有 78 個 SNP發生於調控區域、11個 SNP 位於 5’ 端未轉譯區域(untranslated region, UTR),有 1個發生於轉譯區域及2個位於內插子(intron)的 SNP,合計共有 92 個新開發之 SNP。進一步利用 SNP 基因定型系統鑑定 460 頭純種藍瑞斯母豬之 SNP 基因型,同時分析各 SNP 基因型對於母豬不同胎次之出生仔豬總頭數(total number of pigs born, TNB)與存活仔豬頭數(number born alive, NBA)之差異。結果發現,位於 LIM and SH3 protein 1(LASP-1)、activatin signal cointrgrator 1 complex subunit 3(ASCC3)、ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM)、plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase(plasma PAFAH)、serum amyloid A (SAA)、與visfatin等基因調控區域之SNP分子標記,其基因型與藍瑞斯品種母豬之TNB 及 NBA 有顯著關係存在(P < 0.05),說明了這些調控區域的 SNP 可能與控制基因表現有密切關係存在。 本研究新開發之SNP標記,發現為影響純種藍瑞斯母豬窩仔數的分子遺傳標記,未來若能取得更多不同豬場繁殖的藍瑞斯母豬樣本數及生產紀錄,將能更進一步確認這些 SNP 在遺傳育種改良上之價值,並將有機會藉由標記輔助選拔應用於傳統育種選拔上,以改進傳統育種對於母豬繁殖性狀之選拔效率,並成功增進畜牧產業於臺灣農業之產值。

並列摘要


Reproduction performance of sows is one of the most important factors for pig industry, which is the mainstream of livestock production in Taiwan. Improvement of the litter size, a critical reproduction trait, by traditional genetic selection methods generates limited effect, due to the low heritability and sex-limited trait. Using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) molecular markers for a marker-assisted selection program through candidate gene approach may improve reproductive traits. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic polymorphisms in candidate genes and their association with reproductive performance in Landrace sows, the major breed used as dam in commercial pig production in Taiwan. Candidate genes were selected from embryonic mRNA differentially expressed between morula and blastocysts. After cloning and sequencing the promoter region of the 19 candidate genes, we found 92 novel SNPs from DNA sequences of 30 unrelated Landrace pigs. There are 78 SNPs located on regulatory region, 11 SNPs on the 5’ UTR, 2 SNPs on the intron and 1 SNP located on the CDS. Furthermore, by using the high-throughput Illumina GoldenGate® genotyping assay, we found 10 novel SNP markers significantly associated with total number born (TNB) and number born alive (NBA), including genes of activating signal co-integrator 1 complex subunit 3 (SSC.13633-B, P < 0.05), LIM and SH3 protein 1 (PLAb11012-C, P < 0.05; PLAb11012-E, P < 0.01), ataxia-telangiectasia mutated(SSC.21876-A, P < 0.05; SSC.21876-L, P < 0.01), plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase(SSC.19691-A, P < 0.05; SSC.19691-F, P < 0.01), serum amyloid A(SAA-Q, P < 0.05 ; SAA-AA, P < 0.05), and Visfatin (Visfatin-A, P < 0.05) in 460 Landrace sows from two commercial breeding herds. These litter size-related SNPs are good candidate molecular markers for improving the reproductive efficiency of pigs. The present study developed an effective platform for determining the litter size-related SNPs, which might be associated with the regulatory region of differentially regulated genes from morula to blastocyst. Once validated further with large sample size and collected fully-formed records from different herds that would be applied to marker-associated selection to improve reproductive performance in Landrace sows, and increased the production value on the pig production industry.

參考文獻


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