現代人的困境及其超越—以孟子義理為依據

Modern people's difficult position and surmounting—Take the Mencius philosophy as the basis

黃琬珺(WAN-CHUN HUANG)

指導教授 ： 曾昭旭

淡江大學/文學院/中國文學系碩士班/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2009.00151

摘要

在舊禮教已崩壞而新禮教尚未建立的過渡時期，心靈問題突顯出當代文化的危機，在此是非善惡已失去判準的亂世之中，人必須更要有剛健磊落之光明氣概，勇敢的迎向前去面對當今之邪說暴行。萬古不滅的道，落在今日，將如何能為現代人所用。本文便是循此理路，嘗試以孟子義理為依據，為現代人之困境提出一條超越消解的進路。論文之撰寫是以孟子義理為依據，義理由內而外開拓，存在困境由外而內溯源，因此第二章首先就現代人之困境提出總的根源論述，以說明困境產生的來由，困境之本質為何，作問題的釐清，說明困境其實是具有形上之根源，並說明此形上原因之意義，而後提出困境之於人的正面意義與價值。第三章為孟子義理之鋪陳，闡述孟子義理之核心論述可分內聖外王兩大主軸，包含性善論與工夫修養論，為內聖成己之論。並接續提出孟子外王學之宗旨，乃根據其內聖學來作政治經濟之論說，皆根基於性善之說，修身成己後，更要進一步及物潤物向外擴充，包含權衡之道、仁政王道與道統傳承，此即為外王學部份。第四、五、六章則分別為三綱架構下之各困境現象面的提出，而後以孟學精神宗旨的做開展運用。第四章為政治經濟困境與超越，提出政治層面的困境包含國內與兩岸的困局，再依孟子王霸之辨的立論作困境的超越。經濟部份則以當代之資本主義下產生的問題為主軸，以義利之辨為疏解之道。第五章為親情的困境及超越，針對現代人在兩代間之親情關係的孝道困境為主，說明孝道之異化與陷落的過程，並以孟子所讚揚的舜為典範，以檢討反省今日孝道應如何的調整與應對態度之提出。第六章則為現代人日趨嚴重的愛情困境，在生存得以無虞之後，人轉而對情感的互動有了本願的渴求，乃因真情是人心深處的渴望，愛情一直到二十世紀女性啟蒙後才開始被研究與探索，因此第六章將先提出現代之愛情困境的原因，並說明愛情學何以為心性學之最新形式，最後依據孟子心性論為現代愛情提出超越之路。

關鍵字

孟子 ； 修養論 ； 內聖外王

並列摘要

Abstract:
In the transition which the old system has collapsed but the new one is not established yet, the mind appears the contemporary culture crisis. People must have openhearted vision to face the contemporary fallacy bravely in the age what the judgement is lost. How will be able to use the truth for modern people today. This article that try to find a way to overcome the plight of modern people is based on Mencius theory.

This article is based on Mencius theory. It develops from inside to outside but the existence difficult position in traces to the source by outside, therefore the second chapter first difficult position of on the modern people proposed the total root elaboration, showed the difficult position produces the reason, why essence of the difficult position, does make question the thousandth of a Yuan to be clear, showed the difficult position actually has on the visible root, and explains in this shape significance of the reason, after but proposes Yu of Ren the difficult position positive significance and the value.Third chapter laying out of for the Mencius righteousness principle, elaborated Mencius righteousness core of elaboration separable excellent in both moral character and in governing two big main axles principle, contains the nature to discuss friendly with the free time tutelage theory, becomes oneself for in saint theory.And continues proposed outside Mencius the king study objective of, is makes dissertation of the political economy according to the among them saint study, all foundation Yu Xing friendly saying, practices moral culture Cheng Jihou, must further and thing Run outward expands, contains road of, the

kind political kingly way and the Confucian orthodoxy inheritance the balance, this namely for outside king study part.

The fourth, fivth, and sixth chapters respectively be three cardinal ethical relationships of social order construction under various difficult positions phenomenon surface statement, after but the energetic objective makes the development utilization by Meng Xue.Fourth chapter for the political economical difficult position and surmounting, proposed the political stratification plane difficult position contains the home and the both banks sleepy bureau, again depends on the argument which the Mencius wangba distinguishes to make the difficult position surmounting.The economical part the question which produces of capitalism by under present age is a main axle, as clears out the road distinguishing of take the righteousness advantage.Fifth chapter for the dear ones difficult position and surmounting, in view of the modern people in two generation of dear ones relations filial piety difficult position primarily, explained disassimilation of and the downcast the filial piety process, and Shun who praises by Mencius is a model, how adjustment examines the introspection today the filial piety to be supposed with to be supposed to statement of the manner.The sixth rules for the modern people serious love difficult position, after the survival can day by day the no worries, but the human transferred had original wishes earnestly seeking to the emotion interaction, because the true feelings were the will of the people deep place hope, love only then start after the 20th century feminine initiation to study continuously and the exploration, therefore the sixth chapter first proposed love of difficult position the modern reason, and showed how love study for the heart sexology the newest form, finally did discuss based on the Mencius disposition for the modern love proposes road of the surmounting.

並列關鍵字

Mencius ； self-cultivation theory ； Inner Saint and Outer King

參考文獻

林義正，〈春秋公羊傳思想中的經權問題〉，《台大文史哲學報》第38期（1990年12月）

曾師昭旭，〈愛情學之本體論與工夫論—再論心性學與愛情學〉，《淡江中文學報》第14期（2006年6月），頁7。

曾師昭旭，〈從儒家觀點談心靈修養〉，《鵝湖月刊》第403期（2009年1月）

曾師昭旭，〈從仁者不憂、知者不惑、勇者不懼論宗教的保合太合知道〉，《鵝湖月刊》第3卷第9期，（2008年3月）

曾師昭旭，〈論唐君毅先生在愛情學上的先驅地位〉《鵝湖月刊》第32卷第9期（2007年3月）