WTO對兩岸技職教育市場發展的影響

兩岸的交流近年來熱絡且快速發展，互動頻繁，經濟的快速提升讓兩岸的關係可以說是有很大的進步空間，各項產業也都希望進入大陸這塊經濟的大餅獲得利益，大陸自改革開放之後在求經濟方面即起直追，也積極開始培養國家人才計畫各項措施，希望以邁向世界第一大國為目標。相對的，台灣目前面臨嚴重的少子化現象，台灣高等教育含技職教育數量擴大，在供需失衡下，面對大陸廣大的生源市場，期望能開展兩岸教育能擴大交流及發展。本研究發現，台灣除了面臨少子化的問題對於人才流失以及產業發展也遇到瓶頸，面對在大陸方面在經濟上快速發展下，對於教育交流希望能加速提升，特別在技職院校方面也漸漸重視及積極推廣，台灣方面的學校也希望藉由WTO中服務貿易總協定下對雙方設校或是招生能有效達成雙方之目的。兩岸從2008年開放陸生來台之後，兩岸的文化交流從不間斷，也希望透過競爭激勵下能互取所需。

關鍵字

世界貿易組織；技職教育；大陸；人才

並列摘要

In recent years, there have been warm exchanges between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, together with rapid development and frequent interaction. Due to the fast promotion of the economy, the cross-strait relationship can be said to have improved a great deal. Furthermore, the industrial sector also hopes to enter the mainland economic environment in order to obtain benefits as a result of the mainland seeking economic reform. Such reforms are coupled with the Mainland’s active development of national talent, with the aim of becoming a world superpower. In contrast, Taiwan is currently facing a serious phenomenon of declining birth rates, as well as an expanding number of higher education institutions, including technical and vocational educational establishments, which have increased the imbalance in the job market. This situation is further exacerbated due to the continent's vast student market which is expected to expand the exchanges and development of education by both sides of the strait. This study found that in addition to facing the problem of low birth rate, Taiwan is faced with a brain drain as well as industrial development bottlenecks encountered due to the rapid economic development in mainland China. In order to accelerate the upgrading of educational exchanges, especially in the technical and vocational institutions, there has been a gradual focus on the importance of actively promoting educational institutions in Taiwan in a hope that the two sides establish an enrolment quota that can effectively reach the purposed goals set by the General Agreement of Trade in Services of the WTO. Since 2008, when the two sides agreed upon cross-strait cultural ties, there have been uninterrupted exchanges, which it is hoped will continue to increase through competitive incentives.