廢水處理工程廠商之風險管理與關鍵成功因素之研究-以某工業區綜合廢水處理廠新建工程為例

Study of Risk Management and Critical Success Factors for Engineering Company in Wastewater Treatment Project - take an Industrial Zone New Wastewater Treatment Plant as an Example

李光華(Kuang-Hua Li)

指導教授 ： 廖述賢

共同指導教授 ： 陳怡妃

淡江大學/管理學院/管理科學研究所企業經營碩士在職專班/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2010.00761

摘要

支配生命根源的水，是人類最彌足珍貴的自然資源，水資源不僅直接用以維持人類生命，也間接用於工業與農業，以保障人類生存及豐富生活。在台灣由於產業快速的發展及水資源受到地形在空間和地理上利用之限制，並受到全球氣候變遷的影響，造成降雨量逐年趨減，溫度逐年增高，而水資源之短缺也就相對地提高。時至今日，經濟實力傲人的台灣，若依瑞士洛桑管理學院國家競爭力評估報告所定義之污水下水道普及率，2006年台灣地區污水下水道普及率僅10.9%，為參與此項評比國家中的最後一名，顯然遠低於歐美日七、八成之普及率，甚至還落後不少第三世界國家。新政府執政後，應會努力履行競選時政策白皮書“愛台十二建設”中環境政策之下水道建設，經費由每年一百億提升到三百億元的承諾，就是希望能夠藉由興建下水道，來美化家園，提升民眾的生活品質。然而，國內廢水處理工程專業營造廠商在此充滿商機的環境中，面對規模大、週期長、產品具單件性和複雜性等特點的廢水處理工程，其須面對更大的工程風險機率與衝擊，因此，在執行工程專案階段如何正確識別風險因子，有效防範風險事件，減少或避免損失的發生，亦或更積極地萃取出廢水處理工程專案的具體關鍵成功因素及失敗因素，藉由管理面來建立其競爭優勢，應是業界目前之要務。
本研究方法藉文獻回顧、基本理論探討、個案研究、專家深度訪談、再經相關案例之驗證及回饋分析等過程，剖析國內廢水處理工程廠商，於工程專案全生命週期中所可能造成專案損失的風險因子及廢水處理工程關鍵成功因素及失敗因素，並建議處理策略及相對應措施，期有助於決策者（承商負責人、專案經理、專案參與者）成功地執行同質性工程專案合約時之參酌。研究同時針對台灣地區水資源現況、問題及重要性作概略性探討，以闡述廢水處理工程的重要性。
本研究結果以廢水處理工程為前提，找出具體關鍵性的風險因子及成功因素及失敗因素，進而建構出一套循序漸進、簡單易懂、架構完整的管理系統模型。研究目的是利用此模型，以組織內有限的資源尋找出適當的風險處理策略組合及相應措施，結合專案執行之關鍵成功因素，付諸行動以達到有效降低風險發生的機率及減少風險所造成的衝擊程度，進而提高執行專案工程的成功率。

關鍵字

廢水處理工程 ； 風險管理 ； 關鍵成功因素

並列摘要

“Water” dominate the root of life, which is the most precious natural resource, not only uses to maintain the human life, also uses in the field of industry and agriculture, safeguards the human survival and rich the life. In Taiwan, due to the fast development on industry, moreover the water resources were restricted by the topography and geology and cause the limit on utilization of space and geography, besides, it receives the influence of global climate vicissitude, causes the rainfall amount reduce, but temperature advances year by year, this situation reflect the shortage of water resources. At this moment, although Taiwan who with strong economic potentiality, but according to the definition of The World Competitiveness Yearbook issued by the International Institute for Management Development, IMD in Swiss Lausanne, the sewage popular rate in Taiwan only 10.9% in 2006, it rank the last place among the participating countries which obviously far lower than the Europe, U.S.A.,Japan whom with the rate of 70-80%, even fall behind many of the third world countries. After new government being in power, they should be devoted to fulfill the “i-Taiwan 12 projects” which stated in the policy white paper during the campaign that includes the sewage construction of the environmental policy, which increased the fund from 10,000,000,000 /per year to 30,000,000,000/per year for beautifying the homeland, promoting life quality；Under this full of business opportunity condition, wastewater treatment engineering company must confront the bigger risk probability and impact by facing the projects of large- scale, long cycle, unique and complicated characters. Therefore, to distinguish the risk factor correctly during executing stage, which will be effected on guarding against the risk event, in order to reduce or avoid the loss, furthermore the superior way is to positively abstract the Critical successful factors and key Failure Factors in the field of wastewater treatment project, then to establishes its competitive advantage by management that should be the current important matter.
The theory was concluded by referring bibliography, basic theory research, case study, detailed interview with experts, meanwhile passed and proved by related processes and also through feedback analysis that dissected the risk factors which possibly cause loss to wastewater treatment engineering company, as well as the critical successful factors and key Failure factors during entire life cycle period, in addition to suggest the processing strategy and corresponding measures, wising it could make help on the policy-maker (the person in charge, project manager, project participant) for the reference of successfully proceeding the homogeneous project contract. The research simultaneously aims at current water resources in Taiwan, makes the general discussion on the present issues for elaborating the importance of wastewater treatment project.
These findings take the wastewater treatment project as a premise, discovers the critical risk factors and the critical success factors and the key Failure factors, then constructs a set of management scheme to proceed in an orderly, easy understanding and complete model. The final goal of this research is to use this model by the limited resource in the organization for discovering the suitable risk processing strategy combination and the corresponding measures, and link up with the key of success factor of project execution, and act out for reducing the probability of risk occurrence and relative impact and furthermore to enhance the success rate of projects.

並列關鍵字

Wastewater Treatment project ； Risk Management ； Critical successful factors

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