歐洲聯盟電子廢棄物管理體制之形成—兼論對我國電子產品出口的影響

The Genesis of the European Union E-waste Management System and its Effect on Electronic Products in Taiwan

江馥安(Fu-An Chiang)

指導教授 ： 郭秋慶

淡江大學/國際研究學院/歐洲研究所碩士班/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2011.00851

摘要

由於科技的進步與消費性市場之快速變化，產品的生命週期不斷縮短，造成電子電機廢棄物產量亦不斷增加；再加上產品功能推陳出新以及微小化要求，電機電子產品所使用之貴重金屬等具危害性物質的比例亦逐漸增加。為遏止電子廢棄物的持續成長，歐盟於2003年與2005年分別推出廢電子電機設備指令、電子電機設備危害物質禁用指令以及使用能源產品生態化設計指令，形成歐盟電子廢棄物管理體制。嘗試透過完整的環保規範架構，協商歐盟各會員國一致，使電子廢棄物所產生新的環保問題的狀況能獲得控制及改善。

歐盟電子廢棄物管理體制之範疇幾乎涵蓋了所有電子電機相關產品，且這三大指令具有明確的管制標的與實施目標，加上其與產品貿易之行為息息相關。隨著歐盟各會員國轉化為國內法令，對於全球電子電機產業造成重大影響。我國為電子電機產品生產大國，每年輸歐產品中有75%是資訊電子產品，因此歐盟電子廢棄物管理體制的具體實踐，考驗著國內企業內部管理與整合的能力。

本文主要是從全球環境問題為出發點，先說明電子廢棄物成為近年來全球性的新環境問題，接著觀察歐盟電子廢棄物管理體制的形成過程，再以歐盟電子廢棄物管理體制的內容做為研究主體，並評估其成效與產生的國際環保效應，然再深入探討歐盟電子廢棄物管理體制對於身為第三國—台灣之影響，以及國內電子電機產業的因應對策。希望藉此研究與相關資料的蒐集與分析，能夠對處於高度資訊化社會中的我們，提升關於電子廢棄物問題立法規範的重要性。

關鍵字

電子廢棄物 ； 歐盟廢電子電機設備指令 ； 歐盟電子電機設備危害物質禁用指令 ； 歐盟使用能源產品生態化設計指令

並列摘要

Rapid changes in technology, a rapidly changing consumer market and the shorter product life cycle of electronic products have resulted in a fast-growing surplus of electronic waste around the globe. In order to meet requirements of miniaturization of products, electronic manfacturers begin to use certain of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products. To limit the growth of e-waste and to protect human health, the European Union introduced a Directive on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and a Diective on Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (RoHS) in 2003. On a more tactical level, the European Union introduced a Diective on Ecodesign Requirements for Energy-using Products (EuP). The three environmental diectives establish the European Union e-waste management system.

The European Union e-waste management system covers almost all areas of electrical and electronic products and has clear targets and implementation mesurses. As the three directives carry out, it will have a great effect on the global electronic and electrical industry. Taiwan is one of the large producers of electrical and electronic products in the world and exports 75% electronic products to the European Union each year. Therefore the electronic and electrical industry in Taiwan has to adapt the process of the manufacture and to integrate a variety of resources to face the challenge.

The thesis starts with the global environmental issues. It firstly illustrates the major global environmental questions and then observes the development of the European Union e-waste management system. In the meantime, the thesis researches on the context of the three dirctives and assesses the effctiveness of the directives. Lastly, it focuses on how the directives affect the electronic industry in Taiwan. With data collection and analysis, I hope that people in the highly information society can have paid more attention to the E-waste management.

並列關鍵字

E-waste ； WEEE Directive ； RoHS Directive ； EuP Directive

參考文獻

葛冬梅(2005)，歐盟環境責任指令淺介，科技法律透析，17(1)：7-11。

行政院環境保護署，http://www.epa.gov.tw

台灣大學全球變遷研究中心，http://www.gcc.ntu.edu.tw

Deepali Sinha- Khetriwal, Widmer Rolf, Schluep Mathias, Eugster Martin, Wang Xuejun, Lombard Ray and Ecroignard Lene (2006), “Legislation e-waste management: progress from various countries,” Elni Review, 3: 27-36.

Barnes P. M.and Barnes T. G. (1999), Environment Policy in the European Union, United Kingdom: Northampton.