影響居家主要照顧者生活品質的相關因素研究

研究目的：老年人口增加是全世界的挑戰，社區式照顧如雨後春筍急遽發展。雲林縣老年人口比率、扶老比均為全國第三名，但在長照2.0服務居家服務的申請人數卻不如預期，故本研究旨在了解居家服務使用情形及照顧者生活品質，並找出影響及預測主要照顧者生活品質相關因子。研究方法：本研究採量性、橫斷式調查，以便利取樣方式，選取臺灣中部A級單位核定居家服務申請者為研究對象，共收案150位主要照顧者。研究工具為臺灣簡明版世界衛生組織生活品質量表(WHOQOL-BREF)，資料回收後以SPSS22版統計套裝軟體進行描述性及推論性統計。研究結果：居家服務使用項目之前三位為家務協助、協助沐浴及洗頭和餐食照顧，且以第一次使用居家服務者、每週使用頻率以5天以上者為最多；主要照顧者之整體生活品質平均得分為54.7分，為中等程度，四大範疇生活品質得分高低依序為生理範疇、社會範疇、環境範疇和心理範疇，而主要照顧者之經濟狀況、教育程度及自覺健康狀況對其生活品質具有預測力，共具有37.9%的解釋力。研究結論：主要照顧者對居家服務的依賴度高，生活品質亦與居家服務使用情形具有相關性，而隨著個案失能期的延長，對服務期待度提升時，如何維持有感及個別化的服務是日後需要努力的重點。

關鍵字

居家服務；主要照顧者；生活品質

並列摘要

Objective: The increase in the elderly population is a challenge facing the world, and community-based care has sprung up rapidly. Yunlin County ranked third in the country in terms of the elderly population ratio and old age dependency ratio. However, the number of applicants serving home services in Long-term Care 2.0 was not as good as expected. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the use of home services and the quality of life of caregivers, and to identify relevant factors that affect and predict the quality of life of the primary caregivers. Research method: In this study, a quantitative and cross-sectional survey was conducted, using a convenient sampling method, selecting applicants for home-based services approved by A-level units in central Taiwan as the research objects, and a total of 150 primary caregivers were admitted. The research tool was the Taiwanese concise version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF). After the data was collected, the SPSS22 statistical package software was used for descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The first three in the use of home services were housework assistance, assistance in bathing and shampooing and meal care. And those who use home services for the first time and those who the frequency of use more than 5 days per week wereare the most. The average score of overall quality of life of the primary caregivers was 54.7 points, which was a medium level. The four categories of quality of life scores were in order of physiological, social, environmental and psychological. The economic status, education level and conscious health status of the primary caregivers had predictive power for their quality of life, with a total explanatory power of 37.9%. Conclusion: The primary caregivers were highly dependent on home services, and the quality of life was also related to the use of home services. As the incapacity period of the case increases, how to maintain a perceptive and individualized service is the focus of future efforts.