- 學位論文
含矽環境廢棄物為矽來源合成催化劑進行大豆油生產生質柴油之反應條件研究
Study of silicon-containing environmental waste as silicon source synthesis catalyst of soybean oil production of biodiesel
摘要
使用生質柴油替代石化柴油，已成為近年來流行的議題。生質能源開發的目的是為了緩解石油枯竭問題。本研究探討含矽工業廢棄物作為固態鹼觸媒進行轉酯反應生產生質柴油的可行性。廢棄矽膠與廢棄手套都是廉價的含矽物質，分別利用這兩種含矽廢棄物與碳酸鋰結合形成矽酸鋰，將此種固體觸媒應用在大豆油轉酯化反應上，都能得到不錯的效果，而且價格低廉，能有效降低生質柴油的開發成本。含矽廢棄物製備之催化劑特性利用、X射線繞射（XRD）、場發射式掃描式電子顯微鏡(FE-SEM-EDS)、傅立葉轉換光譜儀(FT-IR)、比表面積及孔隙分析儀(BET )和Hammett指示劑法分析其物理和化學性質。在大豆油轉酯化反應測試中，分別討論了觸媒的鍛燒溫度、鍛燒時間、矽來源與碳酸鋰之莫耳比、醇油莫爾比、觸媒用量和反應時間。在最佳反應條件下，矽(廢棄矽膠與廢棄手套)與鋰(碳酸鋰) 莫爾比為1:2在800oC鍛燒所合成之矽酸鋰，具有最佳脂肪酸甲酯轉化率達98.8%和96.9%。觸媒經過回收，重複使用5次，脂肪酸甲酯轉化率仍然有83%以上。此外使用廢棄矽膠和廢棄手套作為催化劑，以不同的植物油（玉米油、橄欖油、椰子油、芥花油、蓖麻油）作為原料生產生質柴油大多有不錯的成效。
並列摘要
Under the effects of energy crisis, biomass energy, with the strengths of renewability and low pollution, is considered as a substitute for petroleum to release the energy crisis in a short period of time. Reusing waste products is one goal of environmental sustainability and has become an option to add value to producers. SiO2 is obtained after the calcinations of waste silica gel(WSG) and waste experiment gloves(WG) above 800°C, and then thermal activation with Li2CO3 to prepare base catalysts for the transesterification of soybean oil. The prepared WSG and WG catalysts are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET) surface area measurements, X-ray diffraction(XRD), and the Hammett indicator is applied to obtain their physical and chemical properties. Effects of calcination temperatures, methanol/oil ratio(mol/mol), and catalyst amount (wt% of oil) on the activity of WSG and WG catalysts are also investigated. It is found that the catalyst of 2mol (Li2CO3)/mol (waste products) being calcined at 800 oC shows the optimum activity. Under the optimal reaction conditions of WSG and WG catalysts, this approach achieves 98.8% and 96.9% biodiesel conversion rates. The catalytic results reveal that the WSG and WG catalyst maintains its activity after five catalytic runs, revealing that this solid catalyst can be reused, without activation, to process low-quality oils. After the five catalytic runs, the biodiesel yield remains close to 83%. Moreover, having WSG and WG catalysts as the catalysts, different vegetable oil(corn oil, olive oil, coconut oil, canola oil, castor oil) and waste edible oil used as the materials for producing Biodiesel reveal favorable effects.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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