本研究目的為瞭解老年人身體活動行為的現況、並探討自我效能理論跟身體活動行為的相關性。採橫斷性研究,以立意取樣方式,於新北市銀髮族俱樂部共招募116位研究對象。結構式問卷包含:基本資料問卷、老人身體活動量表、運動自我效能量表及運動結果預期量表。統計方法以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、皮爾森積差相關、單因子變異數分析和逐步迴歸進行資料分析。結果顯示:(1)老年人的身體活動主要以休閒性活動的戶外步行或散步為主,其次為家務性活動的輕鬆家事。(2)女性、疾病罹患數較多者、有使用輔具者之老年人其身體活動量較低。(3)具以下特質之老年人其運動自我效能較低:女性、獨居者及疾病罹患數較多者。(4)多數的受訪老年人對於運動傾向有正面的態度。具以下特質之老年人其運動結果預期較低:女性、75-79歲的年齡組、獨居者、疾病罹患數較多者及需使用輔具協助步行者。(5)老年人身體活動量與運動自我效能、運動結果預期皆具正向關係(p<.001)。此外,運動自我效能分數與運動結果預期分數亦具正向關係(p<.001)。(6)運動結果預期、運動自我效能與是否使用輔具此三個變項共可解釋身體活動量28.5%的變異量。本研究結果呈現出運動自我效能、運動結果預期與老年人身體活動量之間的正相關性,促進老年人從事運動的信心與對運動結果的正向期待有助於提升他們的身體活動量,反之,若增加老年人的身體活動量,亦應有助於增加他們從事運動的自我效能與對運動結果的正向期待,而是否進一步影響規律運動行為的養成則有待後續研究探討。
The purpose of this study is to apply the self-efficacy theory to explore physical activity behavior among older adults. A Cross-sectional study was used. One hundreds and sixteen older adults in New Taipei City Seniors Club were recruited by purposive sampling. Structured questionnaires included: a demographic data sheet, the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale, and the Outcome-Expectations for Exercise Scale. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson product correlation, one way ANOVA, and stepwise regression. The results showed as follows: (1) Walking was the most frequently physical activity and the second was light housework of the older adults. (2) Participants who had been lower physical activity were more likely to be female, having more chronic disease, and those who need to use a aids to assisted in walking. (3) Participants who had been lower self-efficacy for exercise were more likely to be female, living alone and having more chronic disease. (4) Most of the older adults tend to have a positive attitude towards exercise. Participants who had been lower outcome-expectations for exercise were more likely to be female, 75-79 year-old age group, living alone, having more chronic disease, and those who need to use a aids to assisted in walking. (5) Physical activity positively correlated with the self-efficacy for exercise and the outcome-expectations for exercise (p <.001). In addition, There were significant correlation between self-efficacy for exercise and outcome-expectations for exercise (p <.001). (6) Stepwise regression analysis showed that the three independent variables of self-efficacy for exercise, the outcome-expectations for exercise, and whether or not to use of a aids to assisted in walking account for 28.5% variances of physical activity. The results in this study showed the self-efficacy for exercise and the outcome-expectations for exercise were positive correlation between the physical activity. It implied that promoting the confidence and the positive expectations in the exercise of the older adults would contribute to improving their physical activity. Conversely, promoting the physical activity of the older adults should contribute to increasing their self-efficacy and positive expectations in the exercise, and whether or not further it affect the behavior of regular exercise remain future to explore.