鐵水流動中爐蕊飄浮高度影響高爐爐床底部侵蝕之數值模擬

Numerical Simulation on the Influence of Floating Height for Deadman upon Erosion at Hearth Bottom in Blast Furnace during Tapping Process

葉晉佑

高爐 ； 爐床侵蝕 ； 爐蕊 ； 數值模擬 ； furnace ； hearth erosion ； deadman ； numerical simulation

中興大學化學工程學系所學位論文

2009年

碩士

鄭文桐

繁體中文

延長高爐(blast furnace)的爐代壽命為現今各國鋼鐵廠所致力的目標，其中爐床(hearth)的耐火材因為長時間受到鐵水的沖刷和侵蝕，導致爐床的耗損情況往往決定了高爐的壽命，為了降低護爐成本以提高鋼鐵廠的競爭力，必須瞭解鐵水流動與爐床侵蝕的關係，而鐵水流場又受爐蕊的飄浮高度影響。故本研究以數值模擬方式，解析高爐出鐵時，爐蕊飄浮高度與爐床底部侵蝕的關係。 研究以中鋼二號高爐爐床為計算架構，範圍包含爐磚、鐵水與多孔質的爐蕊區(deadman)，利用計算流體力學軟體求解三維層流的動量方程式、熱傳方程式與質傳方程式。爐蕊區的部分，則分別導入Ergun方程式與質傳源項，來描述爐蕊對鐵水造成的動量損耗以及碳質傳現象。分析爐床內鐵水的流場、溫度場與濃度場結果，並改變爐蕊飄浮高度與高爐的操作條件。由結果顯示，可獲得以下重要結論： (1) 爐蕊漂浮高度較高時，底部鐵水流速變慢，爐底的剪切應力與溶碳質通量降低，1150˚C等溫線往內移。但當爐蕊漂浮高度高於某個高度時，剪切應力持續變小，溶碳質通量因濃度差過大而增加，並將此時的飄浮高度稱為極值高度。 (2) 進料量增加時，鐵水流速變快，爐底的剪切應力與溶碳質通量上升，1150˚C等溫線往外移，極值高度變低。 (3) 增加進料濃度有利於減少爐底的溶碳質通量，極值高度上升。 (4) 進料溫度增加，爐底的剪切應力變小，溶碳質通量增加，1150˚C等溫線往外移，極值高度影響不大。

Making the campaigns of blast furnaces grow longer is the final targets for all steel companies in the world. Owing to scour and erosion from hot metal, the campaigns life of blast furnace is decided by the erosive situations in the hearth. In order to reduce protective cost and promote the competitive ability, we must understand the relationship between hot metal and hearth erosion. And the floating height for deadman affects the hearth erosion. Thus, this research is an analysis of relationship between the floating height for deadman and erosion at hearth bottom by numerical simulation during tapping process. Based on BF2 of Chinese Steel Co., the three dimensional laminar equation for momentum, transfer equations for energy and mass were solved by computational fluid dynamics. The computational domain included the refractories, deadman and hot metal. The Ergun equation and source of mass were applied to estimate momentum loss and carbon dissolution from deadman respectively. In addition, changing the floating height for deadman and operating conditions were the way to analyze the velocity, temperature and concentration in the hearth. According to the results, the conclusions are listed in the followings: (1) When the floating height for deadman is higher, the velocity, shear stress and carbon dissolution flux is slower at hearth bottom. The isotherm of 1150˚C is inner. The shear stress still decreases, but the carbon dissolution flux rises because of more concentration difference when the floating height is higher than a level. This level is named extreme-floating-height. (2) An increase in production rate produces increases in velocity, shear stress and carbon dissolution flux at hearth bottom. The isotherm of 1150˚C is more outer. The extreme-floating-height becomes lower. (3) Increasing the inlet-concentration is useful to diminish the carbon dissolution flux at hearth bottom and the extreme-floating-height becomes higher. (4) An increase in inlet-temperature provokes a decrease in shear stress and an increase in carbon dissolution flux at hearth bottom. The isotherm of 1150˚C is outer. The extreme-floating-height is the same.

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1. 張家銘(2010)。利用CFD技術預測高爐爐床與高爐流道侵蝕狀況。中興大學化學工程學系所學位論文。2010。1-114。