鹽度對巴蛭表皮黏液細胞數量與面積的影響

The effect of salinity on the skin mucous cell number and area of Barbronia weberi

王浩君

巴蛭 ； 黏液細胞 ； 鹽度 ； Barbronia weberi ； mucous cells ； salinity

中興大學生命科學系所學位論文

2018年

碩士

尤少彬

繁體中文

生活汙水、工廠廢水與畜牧廢水等流入河川，對河川的水質造成影響，進而影響飲用水與灌溉用水。台灣沿海地區的農田灌溉用水經常使用地下水，造成沿海地區土壤鹽化。以往對旱溪水域研究發現，巴蛭僅分布於輕、中度汙染水域，可用為判定河川汙染的指標生物。進一步在汙染環境下對其生理適應研究發現，在水汙染的情況下，巴蛭梨狀分泌細胞的數量有增加的情況。由於河川中的汙染物種類與濃度並不固定，很難釐清其生理機制，因此選用鹽度為實驗室控制的因子，以野外採集的巴蛭於實驗室飼養繁殖的第一代為實驗材料，與海鹽配製海水，探討鹽度變化對巴蛭黏液細胞的影響。巴蛭的黏液成分中含有多醣類與蛋白質；以及巴蛭對海水的半致死濃度為33%，對應的鹽度約在10.25 ‰。在石蠟組織切片的結果中，圓形黏液細胞的數量與面積在30%海水處理下有顯著比12.5%、25%海水和控制組增加，梨狀分泌細胞的數量與面積在各海水濃度的處理下並沒有差別。顯示巴蛭在水中鹽度增加的時候，圓形黏液細胞增加分泌的黏液量，幫助巴蛭在低鹽度的水中存活。梨狀分泌細胞主要為酸性黏液，可能與防止微生物寄生有關，因此水中的鹽度變化不影響梨狀分泌細胞的數量與面積。巴蛭兩種黏液細胞所分泌的黏液在低、中度汙染環境下，能幫助巴蛭在受汙染的水中生存，此適應機制可能與巴蛭在因貿易進入歐美地區後，能存活於輕、中度汙染的淡水中以擴大入侵水域與有關。

The discharge of domestic wastewater, industrial effluents and livestock wastewater into river has had a great impact on the water quality of the river. It has been a common practice to use ground water for irrigation in the farm near the coastal areas, and caused land salinization in these regions in Taiwan. Barbronia weberi was identified as a biological indicator species for low and medium pollution water in Han River in central Taiwan. The mean number of pear shaped secretory cells counted in the samples of B. weberi collected from the river water with medium pollution level is greater than the samples collected from the river water with low pollution level. The environmental factor to cause the physiological mechanism of the cytological outcome is difficult to evaluate due to the dynamic changes of the chemical composition in the water. In order to find the physiological adaptation of B. weberi to a single environmental factor such as salinity, we collected wild B. weberi and bred a testing population in laboratory. The study of mucous cell and its secretion from the offspring of B. weberi exposed to various salinity levels of water was conducted in a laboratory controlled environment. The main composition of mucus from B. weberi are polysaccharide and protein. The lethal concentration 50% (LC50) of B. weberi was calculated from the TRAP program to be 33% of sea water or 10.25 g salt/kg in this study. The mean number and area of round mucous cells from the paraffin section of B. weberi were significantly greater in the 30% sea water treatment than those found in 12.5%, 25% sea water and control treatments. However, there is no significant difference of mean number and area of pear shaped secretory mucous cells among the salinity treatments. The results of this study indicated that round mucous cells secrete more mucus to help the B. weberi adapt to environment with low salinity water. The pear shaped secretory mucous cells secrete acid mucus to control the bacteria infection, therefore, there is no response of the pear shaped mucous cell in terms of mean number and area to the salinity change in water. Two different functions of the mucous cell of B. weberi may account for the adaptation of B. weberi in the low and medium levels of pollution water in the river. The adaptation trait may help B. weberi to be a successful exotic in Europe and United States.

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