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  • 學位論文

臺北市高中職學生身體意象與運動行為關係之研究

A Study on the Relationship between the Body Image and Exercise Behavior for the Students of the Senior High School and Senior Vocational School in Taipei City

指導教授 : 劉曉芬

摘要


本研究旨在瞭解臺北市高中職學生的身體意象與運動行為現況,分析不同背景的高中職學生對身體意象知覺及運動行為的差異情形,並探究高中職學生的身體意象與運動行為彼此是否有關係。 本研究採用問卷調查法,以97學年度臺北市68所高中職學校為研究範圍,抽樣出1,262位學生實施調查。所得資料以平均數、百分比、標準差、t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、多元逐步迴歸等統計方法分析後,本研究獲得以下結論: 一、研究對象身體意象的平均數為3.48,表示研究對象對自我的評價傾向正向,但未達顯著性。其中以「關注外表取向」構面4.05最高。 二、不同背景的臺北市高中職學生身體意象的差異性分析後發現:私立學生比公立學生更擔心體重過重的問題。高中生比高職生更在意自己的外表,較擔心有肥胖情形出現。男生對自我外貌呈現的吸引力較具自信,女生對外表的投資程度顯著大於男生,也比男生關注體重。二、三年級的受試者對自己身體外型的吸引力與滿意度較一年級高、二年級對外表的關注程度及投資程度較一年級高、三個年級中,二年級學生對自我的評價最高也最正向。身體質量指數過輕組或正常組,對自己的外表感覺愈滿意、過重組或肥胖組,對自己的外表感覺負面較不具自信、正常組較過輕組擔心肥胖,過重組及肥胖組明顯比過輕組及正常組對體重感到焦慮、愈容易產生節食的行為、對自我整體的滿意度而言,正常組及過重組明顯高於過輕組。不同的家庭社經地位對高中職學生身體意象沒有任何影響。 三、一個月內、體育課外時間有88.5%研究對象曾從事運動,實際達到規律運動標準約佔有效樣本三成,普遍運動量仍不足。 四、針對不同背景變項來說明運動行為發現:公立學校的學生運動行為比私立學校學生高。男學生明顯比女學生常運動。年級愈低運動行為愈多,年級愈高運動行為愈少。至於學制、不同身體質量指數、不同家庭社經地位的分析結果並沒有顯著差異存在。 五、身體意象與運動行為呈現顯著正相關。自我外貌評估構面和運動行為呈現顯著的正相關,表示學生若對自我外貌愈滿意,愈容易產生運動行為。 六、本研究架構共可以解釋運動行為13.0%的變異量。其中以性別對運動行為的預測力最大。 根據文獻探討及研究結論,本研究分別針對教育方面提出建議,應積極改善學生身體意象、針對性別與身體質量指數的差異,提供與設計不同的課程、鼓勵以適度的運動加上飲食控制來改善體型、針對不同群體實施適性發展的運動課程、且將運動課程設計更活潑有趣、營造推動校園動態生活的風氣。針對未來研究建議應發展適合國人特性的研究工具、擴大研究的深度和廣度、提高研究的測量品質。

關鍵字

身體意象 運動行為

並列摘要


The study sought to examine status quo of body image and exercise behavior and analyze the differences presented by different students, trying to realize whether the body image were related to exercise behavior for senior high school students and vocational school students in Taipei. Students were recruited from 6 public high schools, 3 private high schools, 2 public vocational schools, and 2 private vocational schools using stratified cluster random sampling form a total of 68 senior high schools in Taipei. Questionnaires that examined exercise behavior and body images were used in this study. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, single sample t-tests, Analysis of Variance of single factor (ANOVA), Pearson product-moment correlations and hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Overall, the results indicated that: (1) The respondents reported a mean score of 3.48 on the body images questionnaire, which suggested that respondents had the positive self evaluation, but this value was not significant. The highest mean score (4.05) was reported by the respondents in “the tendency of concerns for physical appearance” aspect. (2) After the analysis of different backgrounds of senior high school and vocational high school students, I reached following conclusions concerning body image: Students in private schools were more concerned about the overweight issue than those in public schools. Boys were more confident in their own appearances, and girls apparently significant invest on their appearances more than boys and were more concerned about their weight. The second and third graders were more confident in the attraction and satisfaction of their own appearances than the first graders. The second graders were more concerned about their appearances and invest more on it than the first graders. The second graders also had the highest and positive self evaluation. In addition, the students in normal weight and underweight groups were satisfied with their appearances, and the students in overweight and obese groups were less confident in their appearances and had negative self evaluation. The students in normal weight group were worried about being obese than those in underweight group, and the students in overweight and obese groups were significantly anxious about their weight and prone to go on a diet than those in normal weight and underweight groups. Students in normal weight and overweight groups scored apparently higher than those in underweight group. No significant difference in body image was reported by students with different family socio-economic status. (3) Within one month during the research period, 88.5% of respondents exercised after their physical classes. Only 30% of the respondents exercise as they were recommended. The amount of physical exercise of the students was still insufficient. (4)Students in public high school performed more exercise than those in the privates. Boys exercise more than girls. The first graders reported the highest scores on the exercise behavior and the third graders were the lowest. There were no significant differences in exercise behavior among students with different educational system, BMI, and socio-economic status. (5) There was significantly positive correlation between body image and exercise behavior. However, the coefficient of correlation was low. In body image, there was significantly positive correlation between the self-evaluation of physical appearance and exercise behavior. It showed that if students were more satisfied with their physical appearance, it is more likely to have exercise behavior. (6) The structure of the study could explain 13.0% variance of the exercise behavior. Among them, the strongest predictive variable for exercise behavior was genders. Results of this study suggested that students in senior high school need participated in more physical exercise, especially student who are females, overweight. More attention should be paid to help students improving their body image as well as exercise behavior. Recommendations for further study should go towards expanding the research direction and reaching diverse group to generate higher measurement of research and develop an appropriate for the Taiwanese theoretical framework for exercise behavior and body image.

並列關鍵字

body image exercise behavior

參考文獻


劉冠麟(2006)。高中生自我身體意象及口腔保健行為相關性探討。高雄醫學大學口腔醫學院口腔衛生科學研究所碩士論文。
李慧鈴(2005)。青少女身體意象與飲食行為─以臺北縣三民高中為例。東吳大學社會學系碩士在職專班論文。
行政院體育委員會(2008)。中華民國97年運動城市排行榜調查。臺北:年代網際。
李仁佐(2007)。臺中縣市高中職學生休閒運動參與動機及阻礙之研究。國立彰化師範大學應用運動科學研究所。
行政院衛生署(2007)。肥胖防制要從小紮根。2008年12月19日,取自:

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