台灣地區屋頂雨水收集水質特性與使用評估之研究

The Study of Harvested Rainwater Quality Characteristics and Utilization Assessment

林怡菁(Yi-Ching Lin)

指導教授 ： 張添晉

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境工程與管理研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

台灣地區因降雨後急速流入河川及海洋，導致仍屬水資源缺乏地區，「建築物屋頂貯留」技術有效地減少暴雨時期都市洪峰逕流及解決水資源缺乏等問題。本研究就台灣北部、中部及離島地區收集建築物屋頂之雨水，調查雨水水質污染物來源及影響因素，進行比較及探討不同屋頂材質、不同地區及不同降雨時期，分析水質檢測項目之污染濃度、水質特性及統計上顯著性差異，再進行雨水水質再利用之評估。
本研究選定採樣點共9點，各採樣點包括塑材、金屬及石材3種屋頂材質，降雨時距分別採集降雨初期之30秒、1分鐘、2分鐘、5分鐘及10分鐘之雨水水樣，利用盒鬚圖、單因子變異數分析法及卡方檢定統計法以8項水質檢測項目進行雨水水質分析。水質分析結果顯示，離島地區因海水中含有NaCl及MgCl物質，使屋頂雨水導電度342 μS/cm與台灣北部及中部地區導電度42-102 μS/cm相較有顯著性較高之差異；石材屋頂材質因易溶出鹼性碳酸根物質，造成收集之雨水pH平均值5.6與金屬及塑材屋頂雨水pH平均值4.3相較有顯著性較高之差異；金屬屋頂材質因其材質表面光滑乾淨，導致收集之雨水SS及濁度濃度（2.4 mg/L及5.0 NTU）與石材及塑材屋頂材質（12.2 mg/L及9.6 NTU）相較有顯著性較低之差異；降雨時期之雨水SS及濁度之降雨初期水質濃度皆隨時間增加而減少；初期雨水pH值有較高之現象因雨水離子強度較低。降雨初期前2分鐘之屋頂收集雨水水質SS及濁度濃度（13.7 mg/L及9.9 NTU）較高於後期（5.0 mg/L及9.6 NTU），故建議排除降雨初期前2分鐘之屋頂雨水。

關鍵字

雨水水質 ； 屋頂材質 ； 降雨時距 ； 雨水再利用

並列摘要

Taiwan is a small island with steep terrain and higher population density where is the water-shortage region of the world. In this research, we collected the 21 rain events (9 experimental sites) of the initial untreated rainwater from roof catchment in Taiwan. The rainwater quality characteristic analysis, statistic significant difference comparison, and rainwater utilization assessment are the main purposes in this research, about the material roofs, regions, and rainfall periods. The following eight water quality indicators were analyzed including pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), appearance, odor, SS, turbidity, total coliform and fecal coliform.
The result of this research shows that pH and EC of rainwater in the region of offshore island in Taiwan is significant greater than northern and central region in Taiwan. It is because ocean spray has lots of organic salts like sodium, magnesium, and chloride chemical compounds. The pH of concrete tile roof rainwater (average of pH 5.6) is significant greater than metal and plastic roof (both of pH average is 4.3). It is because concrete tile has lots of carbon Dioxide. The SS and turbidity value of metal roof rainwater (2.4 mg/L and 5.0 NTU) is significant less than plastic and concrete tile roof (12.2 mg/L and 9.6 NTU). It is because of the metal roof surface is smooth, clean and oblique. The initial rainfall period concentration of SS, and turbidity value (13.7 mg/L and 9.9 NTU) is greater than later rainfall period (5.0 mg/L and 9.6 NTU). The rainwater resources use safely, that removes the first 2 minutes of the rainfall periods from roof catchment. It is necessary to install the filtration and disinfection of water treatment equipment to enhance water security.

並列關鍵字

Rainwater Quality ； Roof Material ； Rainfall Periods ； Water Utilization

參考文獻

[22] 李士畦、陳瑞、林憲德，「建築初期雨水排除與利用設備成本探討」，中華民國建築師公會全國聯合會第五屆台灣建築論壇－建築創意文化，2008。

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