以化學法增強纖維化竹材對水中重金屬吸附能力之研究

Enhancement of Heavy Metal Adsorption with Chemically Modified Bamboo Fiber

蔡旻杰(Min-Jie Tsai)

指導教授 ： 席行正 ； 黃盈賓

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境工程與管理研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2013.00278

摘要

竹材屬於本土型生態材料，屬近年來綠色產品設計及綠色建材之重要原料。竹子為短期生之植物，取得容易且竹材料為材料強度相當大之生態材料，相當適合發展性能優越之建材，可利用物理方式解纖設備，該設備有別於傳統較不環保之化學解纖方式，採用機械式解纖，藉由條件控制可產製不同規格之竹材料，其材料取得率大於85%以上，且材料鮮少被破壞，前處理完竹材，簡易化學表面處理，供後續製備竹濾材使用。
本研究以兩種化學修飾處理法改良竹纖維吸附能力，提升竹纖維吸附去除水中鉛及銅離子(Pb2+及Cu2+ )量。化學修飾處理法包括磷酸化修飾、磺酸化修飾。針對影響吸附劑吸附金屬離子量之各項特性進行探討，包括pH值、接觸時間、反應溫度、固液比及重金屬離子種類。
各種改良竹纖維於最佳操作條件下對Pb2+及Cu2+吸附效能依序為：經磺酸化修飾刺竹(21.72 mg-Pb2+ g-1、12.09 mg-Cd2+ g -1)＞經磺酸化修飾桂竹(16.76 mg-Pb2+ g-1、9.91 mg-Cd2+ g -1)＞經磷酸化修飾桂竹(20.40 mg-Pb2+ g-1、8.03 mg-Cd2+ g -1 )＞經磷酸化修飾刺竹(12.00 mg-Pb2+ g-1、8.00 mg-Cd2+ g -1)＞未經修飾化刺竹(4.38 mg-Pb2+ g-1、6.01 mg-Cd2+ g -1)＞未經修飾化桂竹(3.71 mg-Pb2+ g-1、5.38 mg-Cd2+ g -1)。對Pb2+及Cu2+最佳吸附效果pH值相當接近約為6.5。

各種吸附劑對Pb2+及Cu2+離子的等溫平衡吸附實驗數據，除磺酸化刺竹吸附劑外，其餘吸附劑對於Pb2+的吸附現象以Temkin等溫吸附模式描述較適宜，對於Cu2+的吸附現象以Langmuir單層吸附模式描述較適宜。隨吸附反應溫度升高吸附分配係數KD越高，吸附反應越易進行。

關鍵字

重金屬 ； 吸附劑 ； 化學修飾作用 ； 竹材

並列摘要

Bamboo is a biological material which has been widely utilized in green product design and green construction material preparation in recent years. Bamboo is a short-term growth plant, and also an easily accessible biological material with considerably strong strength, which makes bamboo suitable for developing construction materials possessing excellent performance. Physical defibrating for obtaining bamboo fiber is considered environmentally friendly compared to chemical defibrating. The Physical defibrating is adopted with mechanical defibrating through conditionality control to generate bamboo materials in different dimensions, and the production rate is larger than 85% with rarely damaged materials. The materials are then thermally treated and surface-modified with chemical reagents for preparing subsequent bamboo fiber materials and bamboo construction materials.
In this study, an attempt is on enhancing the Pb2+ and Cu2+ absorption capability of bamboo fibers with two phosphorylation and sulfonation. The characteristics of adsorbents affecting Pb2+ and Cu2+ absorption are discussed, including pH, adsorption time, reaction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio. Under the optimal adsorption condition, the absorption performance of Pb2+ and Cu2+ of each adsorbent was showed in declining order as following: phosphorylated Thorny bamboo (21.72 mg-Pb2+ g-1, 12.09 mg-Cd2+ g -1)＞phosphorylated Makino bamboo (16.76 mg-Pb2+ g-1, 9.91 mg-Cd2+ g -1)＞sulfonated Makino bamboo (20.40 mg-Pb2+ g-1, 8.03 mg-Cd2+ g -1 )＞Sulfonated Thorny bamboo (12.00 mg-Pb2+ g-1, 8.00 mg-Cd2+ g -1)＞unmodified Thorny bamboo (4.38 mg-Pb2+ g-1, 6.01 mg-Cd2+ g -1)＞unmodified Makino bamboo (3.71 mg-Pb2+ g-1, 5.38 mg-Cd2+ g -1)
The isotherms of equilibrium absorption of Pb2+ and Cu2+ was simulated with adsorption models. The results showed that except for that of the sulfonated Thorny bamboo, the isotherms of Pb2+ adsorption were better fitted with Temkin model, and the isotherms of Cu2+ adsorption were better fitted with Langmuir model. Increasing adsorption temperature caused a greater KD and enhancing adsorption.

並列關鍵字

Heavy metal ； Adsorbent ； Chemically Modified ； Bamboo

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