翡翠水庫係提供大台北地區飲用水,保護良好水質並防止水庫優養化格外重要。由翡翠水庫水質檢測結果顯示,水庫在1988年至2005年曾經出現過12個月份的優養化現象。其主要污染來源,推測和非點源汙染有關。集水區之營養鹽負荷變化會對水庫藻類生態產生衝擊,藻類之生長又影響水質,三者息息相關。 本研究旨為應用AQUATOX模式模擬集水區營養鹽負荷對翡翠水庫水質與藻類生態變化之影響,並藉由設置最佳管理作業(BMPs)控制集水區營養鹽負荷,評估營養鹽削減條件下水質與藻類生態之變化。研究結果期能提供水庫管理局及相關單位擬定防止水質惡化與藻類控制之對策,並作為水庫管理的參考。 AQUATOX為一個水生生態系統模擬模式,可模擬多種汙染物的濃度以及汙染物對水中魚類、無脊椎動物和水生植物的影響。 研究首先收集翡翠水庫集水區1998至2009年氣象、地文、水文及水質資料,應用SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模式模擬水庫上游集水區所產生的污染負荷,再輸入AQUATOX進行水質與翡翠水庫藻類優勢種生態模擬,以了解水質變化趨勢與藻類生態消長;接著利用經檢定驗證過後的模式模擬集水區設置BMPs後水庫水質的改善情況及藻類生長情形。 AQUATOX模式以大壩站之水質與藻類觀測值進行檢定驗證,檢定和驗證結果顯示碳生化需氧量效率係數分別為0.6和0.5,總磷之檢定的效率係數為0.5而驗證為0.2,另葉綠素a檢定和驗證之排序效率係數則分別達到0.93和0.87,顯示模式對翡翠水庫之長期的水質模擬結果相當合理。另外,藻類之模擬結果顯示,藍綠藻為水庫之優勢藻種,藻類濃度以夏天最高而冬天偏低;其他如綠藻、矽藻和隱藻則隨季節變化出現,模擬結果十分符合觀測資料。最後本研究以SWAT模式模擬集水區農業用地設置複合式BMPs後之營養鹽負荷,再輸入經檢定驗證後之AQUATOX模式,模擬營養鹽負荷量改變候翡翠水庫之水質與藻類影響,發現藻類濃度有明顯下降。 評估上游集水區之營養鹽負荷對水質和藻類的影響,有助於採取適當措施控制非點源汙染,以預防水庫優養化,期能維護翡翠水庫的水質達成水資源永續發展利用的目標。
The Feitsui reservoir is supply water for Taipei metropolitan area, and it’s important that water quality has been well protected by associated authorities. The AQUATOX is a ecological simulation model for aquatic systems. It can simulate the fates of various pollutants in aquatic environment and their effects on fish, invertebrates, and aquatic plants, which make it an useful tool for the ecological risk assessment. Due to the non-uniformly distributed precipitation, reservoirs have been widely built to manage the water supplies in Taiwan. However, the eutrophication problem that results from the point sources and non-point source pollutions is prevailing in most reservoirs. The FeiTsui reservoir has been providing raw water for the Great Taipei Metropolitan area, and its water quality has been well protected. Nevertheless, recent monitoring data suggest that the water quality has reached the near-eutrophic state. This study aims to simulate the variation of water quality by employing the AQUATOX model. Thirteen-year data (1998~2010) include meteorology, physiographic, hydrologic and water quality data are collected for model. First, the pollution loadings generated from upland will be assessed by SWAT model, the upland loadings will then be applied as inputs to AQUATOX for further water quality and ecological simulation in FeiTsui reservoir. Finally, the results of this study will be used to evaluate the variation of algae population and entrophic state of water body after receiving pollution loading. Moreover, appropriate BMPs will be implemented to control nonpoint source pollution effectively for essential protection of water quality. Keyword: AQUATOX model, eutrophication, non-point source pollution, nutrient, SWAT model.
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