高科技廠房自動撒水設備設置之研究

Study for the Application of Sprinkler Systems in High-Tech Factory Buildings

沈義哲(Yih-Che Shen)

指導教授 ： 張寬勇

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/土木與防災研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2006.00243

摘要

蓬勃發展的高科技產業，讓台灣贏得「科技矽島」的美名，惟在政府積極發展高科技產業升級及提高國際競爭力的同時，卻因接連發生數起高科技廠房重大火災事故造成嚴重損失，使高科技產業蒙上一層陰影，雖然於事故背後潛藏的致災因子複雜繁多，但可以肯定的是，為降低高科技廠房火災所造成的損失，於廠房中設置適當之消防安全設備係必要的，一般國內高科技產業在興建廠房時，消防安全設備之設置除必須符合國內現行「各類場所消防安全設備設置標準」的要求外，通常均會再採用國際間先進的規範，例如：NFPA 318、FM 7-7/17-12等規定。
本研究除蒐集國內、外有關高科技廠房潔淨室（Cleanroom）設置自動撒水設備之相關規定，綜合研擬高科技廠房潔淨室自動撒水設備之相關設置建議，另為了解高科技廠房潔淨室設置自動撒水設備之適用性，並採用火災流體力學計算程式軟體FDS（Fire Dynamics Simulator）模擬高科技廠房潔淨室發生火災時，在受潔淨室下吹式氣流影響下，其所設自動撒水設備之動作狀況，探討不同反應靈敏度（RTI值）或不同放水量之撒水頭作動放水時，火場之變化情形。
由本研究火災模擬情境顯示，相同之環境條件下，快速反應型撒水頭之動作放水時間係較標準反應型撒水頭來得快，故於高科技廠房潔淨室中所設置之自動撒水系統，應搭配選用反應靈敏度較高、動作放水較快之快速反應型撒水頭（RTI值低於50m1/2s1/2），方可於潔淨室此類特殊氣流循環之環境下，及早偵測到火源並動作放水，將火勢控制於初萌之時，以降低人命財產損失。
研究並發現潔淨室中為及早偵知火災並動作撒水，除應設置反應靈敏度較高之快速反應型撒水頭之外，放水量亦是密閉式撒水頭能有效控制火勢的重要性能因子之一，撒水頭之放水量愈大對火場之降溫效果愈好，但並非表示撒水頭之放水量愈大愈好，實應經仔細評估後設置符合現場實際需求之各項消防安全設備，才是兼顧安全考量與成本效益之良好設計。

關鍵字

高科技廠房 ； 潔淨室 ； 撒水頭 ； FDS ； 反應靈敏度 ； 放水量

並列摘要

The blooming high-tech industries earn Taiwan the fame for “Green Silicon Island”. However, while Taiwan government was actively upgrading high-tech industries, and raising global competitive abilities, a series of serious fires happened in the high-tech factories and caused huge losses. These fires negatively affect the development of high-tech industries. Although there are many complicated potential factors in these fires, it is for sure that installation of proper fire protection systems to decrease the damage and losses is necessary. High-tech factory buildings in Taiwan at construction levels should follow not only local fire regulation, called “Standard for Installation of Fire Safety Equipments Based on Use and Occupancy” but also international standards, such as NFPA 318 and FM7-7/17-12.
This study collects domestic and foreign standards, and related recommendation for sprinklers to be installed in the cleanrooms of high-tech factory buildings. Besides, to understand the applicability of sprinklers used in cleanrooms, FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) computer simulation program is applied to observe the activation of sprinklers under ventilation. The effects of the varied sensitivities (RTI) and delivered water quantity of sprinklers to the fires are studied.
For the same environment, the fire simulation results show quick-response sprinklers actuate faster than standard sprinklers. Therefore, the sprinkler systems installed in cleanrooms of high-tech factory buildings should adopt quick-response sprinklers. The RTI of sprinklers should be below 50m1/2s1/2 for more sensitive and quick spray to detect fires and early actuate under special air circulation of cleanrooms, in order to suppress fires at early stage and to decrease loss of lives and properties.
Besides, in this research we discovered that delivered water quantity is also an important factor related to the performance of fire control. The higher the delivered water density is the lower temperature in fire sites can reach. However, it doesn’t mean more water delivered is better. A good design of fire protection systems should not only balance both safety and cost but also should meet practical needs.

並列關鍵字

High-Tech Factory Building ； Clean Room ； Sprinklers ； FDS ； RTI ； Delivery Water Quantity

參考文獻

[32] 楊子濬，自動撒水系統設計實務，專門職業及技術人員考試消防設備人員考試錄取人員訓練教材，台北：內政部消防署，2004，P.11、12、13、14。

[7] Geoff Cox and Suresh Kumar，Modeling Enclosure Fires Using CFD，The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, third edition，2002，pp.3-196。

[5] FM 7-7/17-12 Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities，2.0 LOSS PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS，Factory Mutual Insurance Company.，2005。

參考文獻

[1] Bounagui,A.、Kashef,A.、Benichou,N.，”Simulation of the Dynamics of the Fire for a Section of the L.H.-La Fontaine Tunnel”，NRC-CNRC，2003，pp.5~7。