醫院建築設備節能評估方法之研究

醫院建築是病人接受醫治和療養的地方，是所有建築物中設備系統最複雜及安全要求最高的場所，非僅單純提供醫療服務，且需提供舒適的療養環境。醫院建築除結構體外，尚有電氣(動力、照明及插座)、弱電(電視、電話、資訊、護士呼叫、叫號、中央監控)、給排水、鍋爐、消防、醫療氣體、空調等相關系統設備，其中電氣、給排水、空調、鍋爐、醫療氣體等系統皆是非常耗費能源的設備。緣此醫院建築可說是消耗能源最多的建築物，因此如何節約能源，可由上述各系統著手，從系統設計上詳加分析檢討，並選擇符合經濟部能源局節能標準的設備，抑或更省能的設施，再以最有利節能的方向著手管控，當可達到節約能源之效。本研究以醫院建築設備系統在節省能源的主要方法上加以研究，在設計階段裡採用節能系統作為設備系統的設計，在既有設備系統裡，可依既有設備系統評估醫院是否有其節能改善的空間，本節能評估方法研究內容如下： 1.針對電氣設備，可分動力設備系統及照明設備系統二系統，研究其節能之方法，並依節能方法製作出節能評估表，以做為評估電氣節能之可行性。 2.針對給排水及鍋爐設備，對於採用節水器具以節省資源，雨水收集利用、再生水回收利用、太陽能的利用及蒸汽冷凝水的回收，研究其節源及節能之方法，並依節源及節能方法製作出節能評估表，以做為評估給排水、鍋爐節源及節能之可行性。 3.針對空調設備，空調主機效率、主機多台數並聯利用、冷卻水塔多台數並聯利用、幫浦多台數並聯利用、外氣熱回收利用、變風量送風利用及儲冰槽利用等，研究其節能之方法，並依節能方法製作出節能評估表，做為評估空調節能之可行性。 4.利用製作的動力設備節能評估表、照明設備節能評估表、給排水設備節能評估表及空調設備節能評估表，以南投埔里基督教教醫院設備系統做案例評估，評估該院是否符合節能標準，抑或必須改善，以達節能標準。醫院建築設備節能評估方法之研究係提供設備系統的評估，供機電設備系統設計者，在新建的醫院設計期間能依各個節能之方法作為設計參考，使設計的機電設備符合省能省源標準。對於運作中的醫院，評估表可對既有設備作評估，是否符合節能標準，抑或有改善空間，達到醫院節約能源的效果，節省能源費用支出，降低能源浪費，進而提高醫療服務品質，造福社會。

關鍵字

醫院；建築設備；節能

並列摘要

Hospital building is a place to heal and care the patients. It has the most complicate and the highly required safety equipment systems among all the buildings. It is not only a place to provide the medical services, but also provide comfortable sanatory environment. Besides the structure, the hospital building also has electricity (power and lighting), communication (television, telephone, information, nurse calling, calling, central monitor), plumbing, boiler, fire control, medical gas, air conditioning system equipments. The electricity, plumbing, boiler, medical gas, and the air conditioning are the equipments which consume the energy most. Hence, the hospital building is the place where consumes the energy most. We can try to save the energy on these systems stated above, and to analyze the system design to use the most advantageous methods to control the energy. The purpose of this study tries to explore the new methods to save energy for hospital equipments. We use saving energy system to design the equipment system at the stage of designing a hospital, and to evaluate whether the hospital has the possibility to save energy according to its current equipment system. The energy saving evaluation approaches are as followed: 1. For the electrical facilities, we divide them into two systems-power equipment system and lighting equipment system and use the energy saving evaluation table to evaluate the possibility for power saving. 2. For the plumbing and boiler equipments, we try to find the best methods for saving resource and energy via the following ways, such as using water saving facilities for resource saving, reusing the storm water, using the regenerating water, using the solar energy and recovering the steam condensate, and design the evaluation table according to the methods mentioned above to assess the possibility of saving resource and energy for plumbing and the boiler. 3. For air-condition equipments, we try to search the ways for saving energy from the following parts, such as evaluating the efficiency of chiller and chillers’ parallel, using the parallel efficiency of cooling towers and of pumps,using outsider air recovering, variable air volume and ice storage system. We developed the evaluation table according to the ways mentioned above to assess the possibility of saving energy on air-condition. 4. Using the evaluation tables of energy saving for power equipments, for lighting equipments, for plumbing equipments, and for air-condition equipments, we try to assess the Nantou Hospital as the case study. The main goal of this study of the evaluation methods for saving energy at hospital is to provide the approaches as the references for the designers to meet the standard of saving resource and energy during the stage of their designing of evaluating equipment system, mechanical and electrical equipments for new hospitals. For an existed hospital, the tables can help the managers to evaluate the equipments whether they meet the standard of saving resource and energy, or there are spaces of improvement for reaching the resource and energy saving effect, for cutting down the expenses of resource and energy, for lowering the waste of energy and resource and for heaving the service quality of the hospital, and for benefiting the society.