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  • 學位論文

聚乳酸材料之阻燃及增韌: I.聚乳酸/碳纖維/氫氧化鋁/奈米黏土複合材料之阻燃性質 II.利用分枝狀高分子增韌聚乳酸材料

Flame retardant and Toughening Properties of Polylactide Composites: I.Thermal Properties and Flammability of Polylactide Nanocomposites with Aluminum Trihydrate/Carbon Fiber/Organoclay II.Toughening Properties of Polylactide Composites with branched Polymer

指導教授 : 莊祖煌
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摘要


本研究第一部分以氫氧化鋁(ATH)結合奈米黏土(Clay30B)作為無鹵素阻燃劑,另外,添加碳纖維試圖提升其複合材料之機械性質。藉由塑譜儀以熔融混煉法製備聚乳酸/碳纖維/氫氧化鋁/奈米黏土之阻燃性複合材料。首先,我們利用了XRD、SEM及TEM觀察複合材料混合後的分散型態。接著,藉由LOI、UL-94、圓錐量熱儀及TGA來分析其奈米複合材料的熱穩定性及耐燃性質。最後由萬能拉力機來分析其機械性質。由分析結果顯示,由XRD及TEM觀察到,奈米黏土經熔融混煉過後能達到其插層及脫層的型態。隨著奈米黏土取代碳纖維的比例增加,其複合材料的LOI值及UL-94等級都有顯著的提升。觀察圓錐量熱儀的分析,也明顯的看出其平均熱釋速率降低不少。加入碳纖維後,與只添加氫氧化鋁的複合材料相互比較,其機械性質也有明顯的提升。由這幾組的的複合材料之中,以PLA:CF:ATH:Clay30B重量比為60:15:20:5之阻燃複合材料表現最好,LOI值能達32.0,高於PLA的20.5,UL-94的阻燃等級也能達到V-0等級,並且沒有垂滴及引燃棉花的現象。第二部分以自行合成的分枝高分子(BP6)當作可塑劑,試圖提升聚乳酸的韌性性質。藉由塑譜儀以熔融混煉法製備聚乳酸/分枝狀高分子增韌複合材料。藉由DSC及TGA分析其樣品的熱穩定性及相容性,由萬能拉力機及Izod衝擊試驗來分析其機械性質,最後以SEM觀察材料的微結構及斷裂的機制。由DSC分析得知,隨著BP6添加的量越多,其玻璃轉移溫度Tg、結晶溫度Tc、熔融溫度Tm相較於純PLA,其溫度都有降低的趨勢。觀察其機械性質,隨著BP6添加量越多,屈服強度下降;但在添加到10wt%以上BP6其伸長率有大幅的提升,其中以PLA:BP6為80:20的281.6%為最好。觀察耐衝擊強度,添加入BP6後,衝擊強度都有所提升,而衝擊強度最好的以PLA:BP6為80:20的 476.7J/m為最高,由此可看出添加量20wt%BP6的表現最好。最後由SEM圖觀察其拉伸斷裂截面及衝擊斷裂截面的表面形態。

並列摘要


In Part I. Polylactide (PLA) nanocomposites with aluminum hydroxide (ATH),carbon fiber and montmorillonite (Clay30B) were prepared via direct melting blending using a twin-screw mixer. In addition, add carbon fiber to try to enhance the mechanical properties of nanocomposites. The exfoliated and intercalated structures of clay in the matrix were observed by TEM and XRD. The thermal degradation temperature of the PLA/CF/ATH/MMT nanocomposite determined by thermogravimetric analysis are higher than that addition ATH and carbon fiber without organoclay. The V-0 rating of the PLA nanocomposites has been achieved, and there is no melt dripping and ignited cotton. And then add carbon fiber, the mechanical properties of the PLA/CF/ATH/Clay30B nanocomposites is higher than PLA/ATH/Clay30B nanocomposites. Results showed that adding carbon fiber to replace ATH of the nanocomposites, not only enhance the mechanical properties, also maintain the flame retardancy. In PartII. Polylactide (PLA) composites with Hyperbranched polymer were prepared via direct melting blending using a twin-screw mixer.Beacause the Hyperbranched polymer has abundant functional end groups. So add Hyperbranched polymer to try to enhance the Toughness properties of PLA composites. The thermal degradation temperature of the PLA/BP6 composite determined by thermogravimetric analysis are higher than that pure PLA.The Differential scanning calorimetry was observed the glass transition temperature(Tg) decreased with the HBP content increase in the PLA/BP6 composite. The elongation of break and impact strength of the PLA/BP6 composites huge increase when the HBP cotent over 10 percent.The SEM photos was observed brittle fracture to change ductile fracture with the HBP content increase in the PLA/BP6 composite.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


張舜智(2014)。含分枝狀高分子聚乳酸複合材料阻燃及增韌性質〔碩士論文,國立臺北科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6841%2fNTUT.2014.00857
許家誠(2014)。奈米黏土與氫氧化鋁對於聚烯烴彈性體複合材料之阻燃與機械特性研究〔碩士論文,國立臺北科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0006-2107201412144000

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