無鹵阻燃EVA/LLDPE複合材料熱性質與機械性質之研究

A Study on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Halogen-Free Flame-Retarded EVA/LLDPE Composites

趙承先(Chen-Hsien Chao)

指導教授 ： 鄧道興

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/有機高分子研究所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

目前市場上無鹵素之阻燃材料大多以磷、氮系列為主，但因磷系阻燃材料受熱後會釋放出磷酸氣，對環境與機器設備均會造成危害。為達到環境與生態保護之目的，高分子阻燃材料應朝向無鹵、無磷方向發展，在許多的文獻上均指出，添加氫氧化鋁（Aluminum Trihydroxide, ATH）或氫氧化鎂（Magnesium Hydroxide, MDH）時，若要得到滿意的阻燃效果則需大量添加，其填充量須高達60％以上，但是在如此高的添加量下其機械性質已完全遭到破壞。因此，本文將從探討高填充量（180 phr），氫氧化鋁與氫氧化鎂的表面處理與否，對EVA/LLDPE複合材料所產生之影響開始。再經由氫氧化鋁或氫氧化鎂以及經過表面處理或未經表面處理的搭配方式，依不同配比添加於EVA/LLDPE中探討其熱性質及機械性質，並選出最佳配比。
經由實驗結果顯示，在填充量180 phr之下，未經表面處理的氫氧化鎂與經過表面處理的氫氧化鎂在6比4時，具有最佳的拉伸強度、伸長率及優異的阻燃性。經由本文所開發之具備生態環境保護之阻燃性EVA/LLDPE複合材料，可應用在電線電纜的被覆及其它無鹵素阻燃材料之應用領域。

關鍵字

無鹵 ； 阻燃劑 ； 氫氧化鋁 ； 氫氧化鎂

並列摘要

Most of the halogen-free flame retardant materials are containing phosphorus and nitrogen in the present market. However, the flame retardant materials containing phosphorus would release phosphoric acid when it is heated. This could cause damage to machinery and environment. In order to reach the environmental protection achievement, this research would study the flame retardant and tensile properties of EVA/LLDPE copolymer with high filling volume (180phr) of surface treated aluminum trihydroxide and magnesium hydroxide powders.
The aluminum trihydroxide and magnesium hydroxide powders were surface treated first; then were mixed with EVA/LLDPE copolymer by banbury mixer to form the chips and finally specimens were obtained through the extruder to investigate their flame retardant and tensile properties. The experimental results showed that surface treatment of aluminum trihydroxide had positive effect to tensile strength and elongation but negative effect to limited oxygen index. However, the surface treatment of magnesium hydroxide had positive effect to tensile strength and limited oxygen index but negative effect to elongation. Furthermore, the thermal analysis was carried out to testify why the limited oxygen index was increased. The flame retardant and environmental protection EVA/LLDPE materials developed in this research is suitable for the utilization of wire and cable and other applications of halogen-free flame retardant materials.

並列關鍵字

Halogen-free ； Flame retardant ； Aluminum Trihydroxide ； Magnesium Hydroxide

參考文獻

1. Directive 2002/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 2003.

2. Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 2003.

5. Peter R. Hornsby, “The application of magnesium hydroxide as a fire retardant and smoke-suppressing additive for polymers, ” Fire and Materials,vol. 18,no. 5, 2004, pp. 269-276.

9. R. N. Rothon and P. R. Hornsby, “Flame retardant effects of magnesium hydroxide, ” Polymer Degradation and Stability,vol. 54, 1996, pp. 383-385.

10. SANGCHEOL KIM, “Flame retardancy and smoke suppression of magnesium hydroxide filled polyethylene, ” Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics,vol. 41, 2003, pp. 936-944.