利用連續式酸解法處理焚化飛灰有害物 質之研究－戴奧辛與鉛重金屬

Study on Hazardous Substances from Fly ash of Incineration by Continuous Degradation of Acid －Dioxins and Lead Metal

蔡育仁(Yu-Ren Tsai)

指導教授 ： 章裕民

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境工程與管理研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2009.00540

摘要

生飛灰經連續式酸解之前，若經有害事業廢棄物標準認定，屬有害事業廢棄物，其處置與再利用性用途皆受到限制，若經連續式酸解處理後，有害飛灰(反應生成灰)成為無害化的物質，焚化飛灰(反應生成灰)便開創了再利用的新機。
本研究除了每個月進行北部某焚化廠灰渣特性分析以評估其無害化條件之外，並同時利用連續式酸解法（屬於酸洗法），以實驗室規模的設備搭配各種實驗條件（如反應停留時間，酸解液濃度等）的選擇下，並利用強酸酸解造成溫度上升，克服飛灰(反應生成灰)傳輸阻力的瓶頸，其能同時削減飛灰中重金屬，使其重金屬溶出量（以鉛為主）及破壞戴奧辛結構，使其皆合乎法規標準，並同時控制飛灰中氯離子含量，降低飛灰(反應生成灰)的有害性，使其無害化。
依目前研究實驗結果分析，對於經連續式酸解處理後，焚化飛灰有害物質及氯離子之含量及削減成效方面可獲知下列重要結論：
1. 反應生成灰重金屬鉛TCLP溶出值經連續式酸解後會產生明顯的下降，並符合法規標準（5 mg/L）。另外鉛全含量與鉛TCLP相比可得知鉛溶出率，經由連續式酸解處理之反應生成灰鉛溶出率也呈現大幅下降的趨勢，顯示連續式酸解處理對於鉛重金屬的去除有相當不錯的效果。
2. 相較於氯全含量，經連續式處理之反應生成灰水溶性氯離子會有更高的削減成效，約在72.79％~88.26％，增加酸解液濃度對於其削減成效有較好的效果。
3. 當連續式酸解處理使用酸解液10.0M硝酸+11.4M硫酸、固液比1：10、溫度25℃及水力停留時間20分鐘時，戴奧辛含量為0.0956（ng-I-TEQ/gdw），符合戴奧辛管制標準0.1（ng-I-TEQ/gdw）），此結果顯示採用連續式酸解法對於飛灰(反應生成灰)有害物質戴奧辛可以有效去除且符合再利用法規標準。

關鍵字

連續式酸解 ； 焚化飛灰 ； 鉛TCLP溶出 ； 水溶性氯離子 ； 戴奧辛

並列摘要

Fly ash of Incineration treatment by Continuous Degradation of Acid before, if identified it as hazardous industrial waste, as that is a hazardous industrial waste, the disposal and reuse are of limited. If it treatment by Continuous Degradation of Acid after, the fly ash(Reacted Ash)of hazardous will become a harmless substance, so fly ash of Incineration(Reacted Ash) can be reuse it to create a new machine.
In this study, in addition to every month for the northern incineration plant analysis fly ash of incineration characteristics in order to assess the condition of the harmless. And at the same time use Continuous Degradation of Acid (Washing of acid method) to laboratory-scale equipment with a variety of experimental conditions (such as the hydraulic retention time, concentration of acid solution, etc.). The strong acid solution resulted in an increase in temperature to overcome fly ash (Reacted Ash) resistance transmission. At the same time it can reduce the heavy metals leaching in fly ash (lead-based) and destruction of dioxin structure, its laws and regulations are in line with standards, and at the same time control the chloride ion content of fly ash to reduce the fly ash (Reacted Ash) of the harmful nature.
The experimental results in accordance with the present study analysis, for by the continuous degradation of acid treatment, hazardous substances and chloride ions content in fly ash and their reduce the effectiveness. It can be informed of the following important conclusions:
1. Reacted Ash TCLP Pb value has been continuous degradation of acid will decline significantly, and in accordance with the regulations and standards (5 mg/L). In addition the total contents of lead and TCLP Pb value compared to the leaching rate of lead can be learned by the continuous degradation of acid processing leaching rate of lead is a great fall trend. Indicating continuous degradation of acid processing remove lead heavy metals have good results.
2. Compared to the total content of chlorine by continuous degradation of acid, the water-soluble chloride ions of Reacted Ash to reduce the effectiveness will be higher, at about 72.79% ~ 88.26%, increasing the concentration of acid solution to reduce the effectiveness have better results.
3. When dealing with continuous degradation of acid use the concentration of acid 10.0M nitric acid +11.4M sulfuric acid, solid-liquid ratio 1:10, temperature 25 ℃ and 20 minutes hydraulic retention time, the dioxin content of 0.0956 (ng-I-TEQ/ gdw), dioxin reuse standards in line with the 0.1 (ng-I-TEQ/gdw)), the results showed that continuous degradation of acid for hazardous substances of Fly ash(Reacted Ash) removal dioxin is available and in accordance with the reuse regulations and standards.

並列關鍵字

Continuous Degradation of Acid ； Fly ash ； TCLP of Lead metal ； Water-soluble chloride ion ； Dioxins

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