換檔時機對大型重型機車污染與耗能測試影響之研究

Study of the Impact Regarding Gearshift Timing on the Emission and Fuel Consumption Test of Large Motorcycles

張仕奇(Shih-Chi Chang)

指導教授 ： 吳浴沂

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/車輛工程系所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2014.00822

摘要

我國於2002年加入世界貿易組織(WTO)後，開放各類機車進口其中包含大型重型機車，目前國內大型重型機車污染、耗能法規測試程序中，對於非自動（腳排檔方式）變速之車輛換檔時機是依製造廠建議之換檔時機進行換檔，而換檔時機會影響油耗和污染。
本文將針對這項議題進行測試分析與探討，首先比較我國與歐盟之測試方法與程序之差異，並依照目前國內機車廢氣排放測試方法及程序進行測試研究，測試車輛A車799 cc M6及B車599 cc M6為兩輛大型重型機車，分別使用不同換檔時機進行測試，除了比照法規測試方法與程序外另外增加瞬時取樣部份以利分析各階段污染值變化，並從技術上提出不同換檔時機對污染、耗能測試結果的影響進行探討並比較其差異。
從實驗結果中得知，在不同的換檔時機下，對於耗能影響方面，A、B兩車在市區行車型態油耗部分相差約4.7~5 %，而在總油耗（包含非市區行車型態）上約3.8 %的差異，另外在污染方面，A、B兩車CO、HC相差都約有3~11 %，而NOx約有4~11 %的差異。最主要造成油耗和污染差異的原因是改變引擎轉速與負載條件，進而影響燃燒速度、溫度及效率，而往往油耗與污染的關係是互相衝突的在無法同時滿足兩方面的情況下如何在兩者之間取得平衡才是最理想的換檔時機。

關鍵字

換檔時機 ； 污染測試 ； 耗能測試 ； 大型重型機車

並列摘要

After entering WTO in 2002, Taiwan opened the import of all kinds of motorcycles, including large motorcycles. Now in the emission regulation and the test process of fuel consumption regulation, the gear shift timing of non-automatic gearbox (manual gearbox) is according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. In addition, the gear shift timing will also influence the emission and fuel consumption.
This study is going to analyze and discuss the test. First of all, to compare the tests and procedures between Taiwan and EU, then test the motorcycle A (799 cc M6) and the motorcycle B (599 cc M6) with different gearshift timings according to the domestic emission and fuel consumption regulation and procedure. In addition to the comparison of test, procedures and instantaneous emission test result to analyze the change of emission in every stage, meanwhile also to analyze the results with different gearshift timings from technical perspective.
From the result of the experiments, the difference of fuel consumption in the urban driving cycle of A and B motorcycles is around 4.7-5 % under different gearshift timings and around 3.8 % difference in total fuel consumption (including extra-urban driving cycle). For emission, the differences of CO and HC is around 3-10 %, and 4-11 % of NOx. The differences of fuel consumption and emission is mainly due to the change of engine speed and load condition which influence the burning velocity, temperature and combustion efficiency. However, the fuel consumption and emission are usually contradict to each other. When it’s not possible to fulfill both conditions, the ideal gearshift timing is to acquire a compromise between fuel consumption and emission.

並列關鍵字

Gearshift Timing ； Emission Test ； Fuel Consumption Test ； Large Motorcycles

參考文獻

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