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  • 學位論文

麻醉護理人員輪班與心率變異之相關研究 - 以北部地區某醫學中心為例

Effects of Work Shifts on Heart Rate Variability 
in Nurse Anesthetists - For Example, in a Medical Center in North Taiwan

指導教授 : 張淳昭
共同指導教授 : 廖媛美

摘要


目的:探討輪班工作時心臟自主神經功能的變化,對麻醉護理人員於 輪值不同班別 (白班8時至16時,小夜班16時至22時,大夜班22 時至隔日8時) 及相鄰班別在心率變異的差異與影響,以提供未來護 理行政的排班參考。 方法:本研究自2013年05月01日至2014年05月01日間,以北部某教學醫院,39位自願參與的麻醉護理人員為對象,收集其24小時心率變異資料共101筆(白班36筆,小夜29筆,大夜36筆),研究所得資料進行描述性統計及推論性統計 paired t test採SAS 9.3 for windows套裝軟體進行資料建檔與統計分析,在心率變異數值方面,調整各項變因的效應,於配適參與者HRV的迴歸模型中,使用的統計方法是迴歸模式與其殘差項為時間序列的結合,運用GEE Model進行分析。 結果:在MNRR方面,各種輪班工作壓低的趨勢明顯,有些時段可以達到顯著水準;在其他HRV參數(SDNN、rMSSD、LF、HF、LF/HF),各種輪班工作趨勢一致,只是未達到顯著水準。在相鄰不同班別部分,MNRR在休假之後接白班、其他HRV參數(SDNN、rMSSD、LF、HF、LF/HF) 在休假之後接小夜班及在白班之後接小夜班,都會加重該班工作壓力;LF/HF在休假或白班之後接大夜,顯示出可降低當天上班壓力。 結論:1. 研究結果發現,經過GEE模型調整後,在工作狀態與日常生活相比較,呈現出有較高的壓力。在小夜與大夜班的壓力較白班人員明顯。2. 本研究發現不同班別有不同壓力形態,在心率變異趨勢方面,白班與小夜是最接近單向式(Monophasic)壓力效應;小夜與大夜壓力始於上班前;大夜壓力有雙向式(Biphasic) 的變化。3. 在相鄰班別的麻醉護理人員心率變異值中,發現心率變異在休假之後接著上白班、小夜班與原來班別的平均值相比,顯示出更多壓力。4. 在相鄰班別的麻醉護理人員心率變異值中,發現心率變異在大夜班之後接著上白班或小夜班都會增加該班的工作壓力。5. 在相鄰班別的麻醉護理人員心率變異值中,發現心率變異在休假或白班之後接大夜班,呈現較低的工作壓力。

並列摘要


Object: The aim of this study was to find out the impact on heart rate variability in nurse anesthetists when they take distinct shifts (day shift 8:00 to 16:00 , evening shift 16:00 to 22:00 and night shift 22:00 to 8:00), and the difference of heart rate variability of consecutive shifts, and to provide information for nursing administration. Methods: The study started from May 1, 2013 to May 1, 2014. Female nurse anesthetists who worked at a medical center located in north Taiwan were enrolled voluntarily in the study. Demographics and house keeping patterns were recorded on the entrance of the study. We collected the hear t rate variability (HRV) data at 24 hours basis, with a total of 101 sets (day shift 36 sets, evening shift 29 sets and night shift 36 sets). The HRV parameters included mean RR intervals of normal-to-normal beats (MNRR), and their standard deviation (SDNN), the root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD), low frequency power (LF), high frequency power (HF), and low to high ratio (LF/HF). The work shift effects on HRV were fit with general estimating equation (GEE) models, with first order autoregression (AR(1)), adjusting for demographics and house keeping. The effects of different work shift combinations were evaluated by interaction terms between two consecutive shifts. Results: A total of 39 nurse anesthetists aged 36.4±7.6 years were included in our study. Shift working was consistently associated with a decrease in HRV, with evening shift having the most prominent effect. Stress was observed to build up before evening and night shifts. While the stress observed monophasic patterns in day and evening shifts, it appeared to be biphasic in night shifts. Shift combinations were associated with various interactions. Conclusions: Shift working in nurse anesthetists was associated with prominent stress. Shift combinations with major stress effects might be avoided in scheduling.

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