身體活動訓練對國中肥胖學童體適能、心率變異度及認知功能之影響

隨著全球肥胖盛行率的大幅地增加，學童肥胖已成為現代社會普遍的健康問題，本研究旨在探討身體活動訓練對國中肥胖學童體適能、心率變異度與認知功能的成效。採實驗研究法，針對新北市某國中肥胖學童為收案對象，以隨機分配方式，實驗組接受12週身體活動訓練，每週4次，每次30分鐘，控制組維持一般日常生活活動，於身體活動訓練介入前1週及介入措施結束後1週、1個月、3個月進行追蹤測量。成效指標包括：體適能、心率變異度與認知功能。資料分析以描述性統計檢測個人基本資料及各量表得分，並以GEE（Generalized Estimating Equation）做為重複測量之分析，檢測身體活動訓練對肥胖學童體適能、心率變異度與認知功能之改善成效。研究結果發現：一、在體適能方面，實驗組在介入後1週、1個月呈現顯著身體組成下降，體適能提升。在介入後3個月僅身體組成下降、心肺功能提升呈現顯著差異。二、在心率變異度方面，實驗組在介入後1週呈現顯著LF、HF、TP及HF%上升、LF/HF下降，介入後1個月僅HF、HF%呈顯著上升，介入後3個月僅LF%出現顯著下降。三、在認知功能方面，實驗組在介入後1週呈現顯著總錯誤率下降、色塊及中性字反應時間減少、概念水準反應率提升。在介入後1個月、3個月僅色塊及中性字反應時間出現顯著降低。其它則兩組無統計上差異。本研究顯示身體活動訓練可短期改善肥胖學童的體適能、心率變異度和認知功能，但無長期的效果，因此，建議未來臨床醫護人員或學校護理人員可利用此身體活動訓練手冊，協助肥胖學童增加運動並養成持續運動習慣，以促進身心健康。

關鍵字

肥胖；身體活動；體適能；心率變異度；認知功能

並列摘要

With the increase of the global prevalence of obesity, childhood obesity has become a common health problem in modern society. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of a physical activity program on physical fitness, heart rate variability and cognitive function in obese junior high school students. An experimental design was conducted with obese students in a junior high school in New Taipei City. The participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group received a 12-week physical activity training (4 times per week, 30 minutes each time), while the control group did not receive any training intervention. Data on physical fitness, heart rate variability and cognitive function were collected one week prior to the intervention as well as one week, one month and three months after the implementation of physical activity training. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the personal information and the results of the intervention, and GEE (Generalized Estimating Equation) was applied to examine the effectiveness of the physical activity program on the physical fitness and heart rate variability and cognitive function. The results of this study showed that (1) Regarding physical fitness, the students in the experimental group showed a significant decrease in body composition and an increase in physical fitness one week and one month after the intervention; there was only a decrease in body composition and a significant difference ( p＜.05) in Cardiorespiratory endurance three months after the intervention, (2) Regarding heart rate variability, the experimental group showed significant increases in LF、HF、TP及HF% and decreases in LF/HF one week after the invention; there was significant increases in HF and HF% one month after the intervention; there was only a significant decrease in LF% three months after the intervention, (3) Regarding cognitive function, the experimental group showed significant decreases in percent of errors, the reaction time of square and neutral and an increase in conceptual level responses one week after the intervention; there was a significant decrease in the reaction time of square and neutral one month and three months after the intervention, and no significant differences ( p>.05) in other two dependent variables after the intervention. The study indicated that the effectiveness of incorporation of the physical activity program in physical fitness, heart rate variability, and cognitive function in a short term; however, there is no improvement in long term effect. Therefore, the medical staff or school nurses are suggested to encourage obese junior high school students to engage more physical activities and form a habit of exercise with this physical activity guidelines attached, so that they are able to have a good balance of physical and mental development. Keywords: obesity, physical activity, physical fitness, heart rate variability, cognitive function