自從2002年1月台灣正式加入世界貿易組織(WTO)以後,農產品受到國際舶來品的強大競爭壓力,相關的農政單位也提出許多因應方案與對策,但礙於政府政策規範,總是緩不濟急,面對政府的牛步動作,業者不惜仿效科技產業外移策略,轉往市場更具國際競爭力的國家。產業的出走,留下來的業者或農民大多數屬無力出走或不願遠離家園的,面對此種窘況,除了政府的努力外,業者也應力求自力自救,參考先進國家的農業相關作為,以突顯自己產品的特色,走出自己的差異化的創新作為。 有鑒於此,本研究試圖從產業群聚觀點出發,以Michael Porter的鑽石理論之供給條件、企業策略結構與競爭、相關支援產業與需求條件四構面,衡量這些構面對產業升級條件的影響為何,並建構本研究模型。另以結構方程模式(SEM)去驗證探討分析屏東地區水果產業的競爭力,經由理論模型的驗證,找出產業缺口並提出對業者與政府具體的因應參考建議。 研究結果顯示,鑽石理論的供給構面對產業的升級構面檢定結果不顯著,企業策略結構與競爭及相關支援產業兩構面對產業的升級構面檢定結果均呈現顯著情形,而需求構面對產業升級構面檢定結果亦不顯著;另外在供給條件與需求條件兩者的相關性呈現正向關聯。研究結果代表屏東地區水果產業在供給與需求構面上較為薄弱,本研究亦從從兩方面提出建議。
Since the WTO enrollment of Taiwan in January of 2002, agricultural products of Taiwan encounter tremendous competition from abroad. Government agencies have since enacted several policies to ease the competition yet not successfully for the lateness to market change. Some of the firms may choose to move abroad to ease the unfavorable condition. The rest who choose to stay may be due to incapability or unwilling to leave the homeland. In addition to governmental release, firms may try to ease the competition through innovation on products. To this end, the present study takes clustering perspective – the Michael Porter’s diamond model (input factor condition, industrial structure and competition, supporting industries and demand condition) to investigate the relationship among these factors and impacts on the upgrading of competitiveness. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is utilized to test the fitness of model, and draws policy implications for firms and government. The results show that the input factor condition and demand condition do not affect upgrading significantly whereas industrial structure and competition, and supporting industries do affect upgrading significantly. Besides, the interaction between input factor condition and demand condition is positively significant. The major implication due to the results is that the input factor condition and demand condition could be improved to induce the upgrading momentum. Policy suggestions are proposed with respect to the two factors.
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