隨著科技產品推陳出新的速度加快、產品壽命短暫及全球電子廢棄物數量也因而大幅增長,且隨著全球對於環保意識的重視,供應鏈管理的主軸由原本的生產管理轉變以綠色為主的供應鏈,因此綠色產品設計是不可或缺的;從綠色設計中試著評估多種原物料及多種製程技術進行規畫並考量相關環境議題,達到對環境影響最小之成本。 由於目前綠色問題之研究大多以環境評估因素選擇供應商,或是針對產品拆解及回收較多著重,鮮少研究探討如何評估及選擇在設計時可替代之原物料及相關替代製程技術。因此本研究針對綠色產品設計階段,在製程產能限制、能源供應使用量與危害物質限制使用量條件下,將每個產品零件進行綠色原物料選擇及綠色製程規劃,建立一個數學模式考慮原物料成本、有毒物質成本、回收效益成本、生產成本、環境成本、能源消耗成本,並加入碳權交易制度的碳權成本項目,透過粒子群演算法快速求得總成本最小。最後,透過實例驗證本研究提出之綠色設計中原物料選擇及製程規劃之數學模式,並探討產品零件所選擇的原物料與製程,提供未來對於綠色產品設計進行評估的依據。
Rapid grow and short lifecycle of electronic products results in vast number of electronic wastes nowadays. Therefore, the green supply chain with consideration of environment protection has become much more important than ever. The green design, as an aid of green supply chain, is indispensable. Few studies of green design focus on reducing pollutions from material selection and manufacturing. This study therefore presents a novel approach to integrate the impact of production cost and pollution cost on material selection and green manufacturing. Particle swarm optimization is applied to minimize the total cost inclusive of material costs, toxic costs, recycling benefits costs, production costs, environmental costs, energy costs, and carbon emission trading. Finally, this research uses three examples to verify the feasibility of the model. Designer can also use this method to evaluate the green material and green manufacturing production plan in the future.