都會區社區老人照顧模式之比較—以獅子林社區與龍岡社區為例

Comparison of Community Geriatric Care Model in Metropolitan Area – Take Lion Grove and Wollongong Community For Example

彭欣怡(Hsin-I Peng)

指導教授 ： 陳勁甫

元智大學/人文社會學院/社會暨政策科學學系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

臺灣自1993年邁入高齡化社會以來，65歲以上老人所占比例持續攀升。2009年底，老年人口增加到2,457,648人，占總人口的10.63%，老化指數為65.05％，雖較歐美及日本等已開發國家為低，但仍較其他亞洲國家為高。經建會在2010年也推估臺灣在2017年老年人口將會達到14%，成為高齡社會。
另外，隨著社會變遷，都會區人口不斷成長，都會區老人的照顧問題迫在眉睫，近年來學者提出「在地老化」之觀念，期許高齡者在自家生活圈內可享有高品質的老年生活，另外2005年5月內政部也開始實施社區照顧關懷據點，這也代表公部門透過社區組織開始了社區老人照顧，但這與社區營造的「由下而上」的理念相違背，社區工作者即在資源不足的狀況下，開始進行社區老人照顧。然而經過將近十年的實踐，每個社區皆有自己的經驗，本研究探討都會區的社區中，如何建立友善老人的社區照顧模式，使高齡者得以發揮晚年的生命能量並且獲得較好的生活品質，為本文主要研究方向。
因此本研究探討社區老人之社區參與經驗、社區意識與社區參與後的感受、並結合社區工作者的實際執行困境加以分析。並以桃園縣平鎮市獅子林社區與桃園縣桃園市龍岡社區為研究個案，並採用深度訪談法。研究對象除選定社區工作者與六十五歲以上之老人與老人家屬外，更把「未參與者」納入。
根據研究發現，社區發展必須避免政治力的介入，且社區負責人的社造能力為核心關鍵，而資源取得與整合可讓社區運作更加順暢，也更能掌握社區自主性、另外因應都會區老人的伴獨居生活型態，大部分的活動需設定在白天進行，以填補白天家屬不在的空窗期，此長者可以透過社區志工與其他高齡參與者的陪伴做情感上的交流，增進社會支持的力量。

關鍵字

社區老人 ； 社區照顧 ； 在地老化 ； 培力

並列摘要

Taiwan has become the aging society since 1993, the proportion of older people aged 65 is increasing continuously. In the end of 2009, the aged population reached 2,457,648 people, it was 10.63% of total population, the ageing index was 65.05％, although it was lower than the developed countries such as Europe and the United States and Japan, it was still higher than other Asian countries. In 2010, CEPD also expected that the aged population would reach 14% in 2017 and become an aging society.
Besides, with social change, the population of the metropolitan area is constantly growing and the problem of care for the elderly of the metropolitan area is imminent. In recent years, scholars have proposed the concept of "aging in place" and expected that senior citizens in their own circle of life can enjoy a high quality of life in old age, in May of 2005, Ministry of the Interior also started with implementation of community care stronghold, that means public sector has got down to community care for the elderly through community-based organizations, but this violated the idea of “Bottom-up” built by the community., so, community workers got down to care for the elderly in conditions of lack of resources. However, after nearly a decade of practice, each community has their own experience; this study is to confer how metropolitan area communities establish a community care model which is friendly to the elderly. Enabling senior citizens play an important role in their later years of life and obtain better quality lives are the research of this article.
Therefore, this study confers community geriatric’s community involvement experience, sense of community and feelings of community involvement, and combines community workers’ actual implementation of the plight for analysis. Taking Lion Grove Community, Taoyuan County and Tatsuoka community, Taoyuan City as case studies and conducting depth interviews. In addition to selected community workers and the elderly over 65 and the elderly family members as subjects of study, non-participants are included as well.
Based on the findings, community development must avoid the intrusion of politics. The community building capacity of community leaders is the key core. Acquisition and integration of resource help the community operate more smoothly and there is a better grasp of community autonomy, in addition, in response to the half live alone model of the elderly in metropolitan areas, most of the activities have to be set during the day time in order to fill the window period when family members are not at home, thus, the elderly can do emotional exchange with other participants of the elderly so as to enhance the strength of social support.

並列關鍵字

community elder ； community care ； aging in place ； empowerment

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