但丁《神曲》散文體與詩體中譯本比較：可譯性與可譯性限度探討

Translating the Divine Comedy into Chinese Verse and into Chinese Prose---A Comparative Study on Translatability and Limits of Translatability

宋芝瑜(Chih-Yu Sung)

指導教授 ： 藍月素

長榮大學/人文社會學院/翻譯學系(所)/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2012.00183

摘要

但丁《神曲》為世界重要經典名著，其三韻詩的寫作風格亦為該作品獨有之特色，加上內容涵蓋各個學科領域，不只是後代學者研究的題材，對翻譯而言，更是不容小覷的挑戰。五十年來，《神曲》之中文譯本以散文體居多，以詩體方式翻譯的譯作較少；詩的可譯性和不可譯性也一直存有爭議。本研究以John Ciardi《神曲─地獄篇》第五章和第三十三章的英文譯本作為原文，並採用劉宓慶的可譯性及可譯性限度之論點作為研究分析架構，來探討王維克譯注之散文體譯本和黃國彬之詩體譯本在處理可譯度問題所採取的策略和差異。研究結果發現，在談及可譯性問題時，散文體和詩體譯文的內容皆可與英譯文相互找到對應，邏輯思維也不因體裁的不同，而與英文呈現意義相左的情形。然而，在論及可譯性限度問題時，兩位譯者明顯遇到雙語對譯上的障礙，因此，兩種譯本皆採用歸化、淺化、減譯、增詞、直譯等翻譯法，或是僅呈現語義內容，略去英文特有的表達方式或含有西洋文化的訊息。但是，也會因為兩位譯者選譯同一段落中之不同的句子；或是採取相同的策略，卻使用不同的中文措詞翻譯同一段落，而使譯文出現不一樣的閱讀效果。此外，譯者註解內文多處典故，對於讀者而言，也是一項理解文意的重要參考。筆者也由分析例句中，證實了文化與語言會經過長久的交流，文化上的語言障礙會逐漸減低。希望本研究結果可作為未來翻譯詩歌經典之參考。

關鍵字

神曲 ； 散文體譯本 ； 詩體譯本 ； 可譯性 ； 可譯性限度

並列摘要

The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri is a world-renowned classic featured by its unique terza-rima rhyme scheme. Besides, the work covers each realm of discipline, which not only serves a study material for later researchers but also a challenge for translation that should not be underestimated. Over the past five decades, many Chinese translations of the Divine Comedy are in prose, while translations in verse are scarce. The translatability of a poem remains disputable in years. To unveil differences and translation strategies between the prose translation by Wang Weike and the verse translation by Huang Kuobin, the study adopts Liu Miching’s viewpoints of “translatability” and “limits of translatability” based on John Ciardi’s English version of the Divine Comedy (Canto V and XXXIII). The results show that when dealing with problems of translatability, both Chinese translators have found a corresponding transfer channel between two languages. Besides, the logic of the English text is consistent with both translated types. As for the limits of translatability, on the other hand, Hunag and Wang handle the obstacles of translation with difficulty by using strategies such as domestication, bleaching, reduction, amplification, literal translation, and so on. Sometimes both translators simply render the semantic content, reducing unique expressions of English or messages bearing western culture. Yet different choices of sentences or wordings to translate in the same paragraph bring different effect of reading. In addition, annotations done by translators are also an essential reference to get to know allusions within the context. By analyzing examples regarding cultural differences, one may testify that the gap between two cultures can be bridged resulting from the frequent exchange from one country to another. In general, the study gives an initial discussion about the different translation styles in hopes of providing poetic translation references for future translators.

並列關鍵字

the Divine Comedy ； translated text in prose ； translated text in verse ； translatability ； limits of translatability

參考文獻

張雲霞 (2008)。中國古典詩詞翻譯中美的傳遞。瀋陽大學學報，3，

沈謙 (1991)。修辭學。臺北：敦繹文化事業股份有限公司。

Alighieri, 1320)。

-----。神曲：煉獄篇。北京：人民文學出版社。(Dante Alighieri, 1320)

Alighieri, 1320)