論歷史古裝劇在翻譯技巧上之研究─以清宮劇《後宮甄嬛傳》為例

2011年誕生的電視劇《後宮甄嬛傳》(The Legend of Zhen Huan)，不僅在中國造成狂熱，這股熱潮甚至延燒到了歐美地區，美國電視頻道龍頭Netflix買進了《後宮甄嬛傳》的版權，並製作了美版《甄嬛傳》，而Viki網站也為網友集思廣益翻譯《後宮甄嬛傳》的Viki版本。本研究以影視翻譯原則、奈達的動態對等(dynamic equivalence)與紐馬克的溝通翻譯(communicative translation)作為理論基礎，探究《後宮甄嬛傳》的美版與Viki網站的翻譯問題，選出劇裡提到的詩詞歌賦與帶有清朝文化層面的對話，檢視兩種英譯版本是否達到動態對等，是否合乎歐美觀眾的要求，是否達到傳遞《後宮甄嬛傳》裡的中心思想與裡面所蘊含的中國清朝文化。。本研究以Viki網站由網友所翻譯的版本為探討基礎，本研究得到的結果為：一、詩詞歌賦的不可譯現象：像《甄嬛傳》這樣的源語文化，在英語所處的文化中缺乏源語所隱含的文化因素，是很難在目的語中找到與源語相等的詞語。二、清朝妃嬪用語翻譯上的不完全對等：由於清朝封建制度有異於西方，因此對於妃嬪的位階並沒有太多對等的詞語可以轉換。三、跨文化的翻譯造成語意上及文字上的韻味遺失：如詩詞歌賦，中國的文化特殊，古代說話方式採用文言文，詩詞都講究對仗、押韻，對於西方的觀眾來說，這樣的觀念是很模稜兩可的，因為英文並沒有如此複雜的語言結構，所以像詩詞這樣的對仗、押韻，對於譯者而言是非常難達到完全的對等，在某些狀況下，就連要達到趨近於對等都變得很困難。期盼本研究日後能為清宮劇的英譯提供翻譯方向，使得中國文化可以達到最大化的傳播。

關鍵字

影視翻譯；動態對等；溝通翻譯；美版《甄嬛傳》； Viki網站譯本

並列摘要

Legend of Zhen Huan was a big hit in 2011 when it first came out in China. The whole China was crazy about it, even Taiwan was too. This craze went far away to the United States so that Netflix decided to play it in the United States with its own unique version with the title Empress in the Palace. This essay aims at reviewing the translation problems of poems and dialogues in the Netflix’s version and the version on the Viki website The Legend of Zhen Huan based on audio-visual translation theory, Nida’s dynamic equivalence theory and Newmark’s communicative translation. This study has garnered three conclusions: Frist, poems and songs from ancient China has the problem of untranslatability. For English audience, Chinese poems are full of features and cultures that only exist in China. So, equivalence is impossible. As Newmark said, cultural feature from Empress in the Palace are hard to find equivalent words or phrases in the western culture, making this drama untranslatable. Second, Finding English equivalents for terms like concubines of Qing dynasty is impossible. Western society does not have the same feudalism as ancient China, so there are no such words for different separate level titles for the concubines. Third, cross-cultural translation will lose the meaning and beauty of words of Chinese culture. For examples, Chinese poems and songs use elaborate sentences and rhymes that differ from those in English poems. Because of this special sentence structure of Chinese poems, they are hard to achieve equivalence in English. It is hoped that the results of the research can offer a direction for later endeavers in translating Qing dramas as well as can help maximum spread of Chinese culture.

並列關鍵字

audio-visual translation ； dynamic equivalence ； communicative translation ； Empress in the Palace ； The Legend of Zhen Huan

參考文獻

Baker, M. (1998).Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. London and New York: Routledge.

Blum-Kulka, S., & Levenston, E. A. (1978).Universal of Lexical Simplification. Language Learning, 28(2), 399-416.

Chang, J. (2013). Empress Dowager Cixi. New York and Canada: Alfred A. Knopf. Munday, J. (2001). Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications. London and New York: Routledge.

Newmark, P. (1988).A Textbook of Translation.

Orero, P. (2009). Voice-over in Audiovisual Translation, in J. Diaz Cintas and G. Anderman (eds): Audiovsual Translation: Language Transfer on Screen, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke.

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論歷史古裝劇在翻譯技巧上之研究─以清宮劇《後宮甄嬛傳》為例

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