台灣媒體生產政治中的中國因素與獨裁者邏輯： 以C集團為例

China impact and dictatorship in the news production: a case study of Taiwanese media group

李嘉艾(Li, Chia Ai)

指導教授 ： 林宗弘

國立清華大學/人文社會學院/社會學研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2015.00288

摘要

2008年《C報》和C媒體集團因財務危機被W集團收購，為報業這個夕陽產業再次敲響警鐘。四年後這家承接六十年老字號和部分老員工的新媒體集團，使台灣公民社會掀起了二十一世紀最大的媒體改革運動，也揭露中國因素和財團因素從外而內影響台灣媒體輿論的隱憂。

本文旨趣在於研究遭W集團併購後《C報》內部的生產政治與其中國人權新聞內容，去解釋中國因素和財團因素如何影響台灣新聞內容的運作機制。研究發現，經由資本的力量和獨裁者權力，資本家掌握了報社的所有權和控制權。報社老闆以近乎獨裁者的治理邏輯統治《C報》，干預「大陸新聞」和「涉己事務」兩大領域的產製過程，限制了記者的新聞自主性；中國政府和台灣資本家利用「置入性行銷」和「政治紅線新聞」交換利益，彼此形成一套「關係政治」，結果造成媒體生產場域的結構性破壞，傷害新聞自由。2008年到2013年《C報》中國人權新聞的數量不斷下降，並且呈現既想貼合台灣讀者又需向中國立場靠攏的混合特色，這個現象乃是源自威權資本主義中國和台灣資本家組成的「權力／資本聯盟」剝削台灣新聞的過程。

本研究認為這個權力和資本互動的過程宛如一種共鳴作用，中國因素和台灣資本家兩股為剝削新聞而結盟的力量，因頻率相近引發共振，在組織內部產生餘韻效果，進而主宰新聞場域內運作的規則；身處其中的新聞工作者會選擇各種行動，去競爭、捍衛、抵制、應和或迴避來自中國因素／資本家的餘韻控制，展現自主的權力。

每個行動者在不同位置和條件下受到外在結構的變化、新聞工作的特性、權力於科層組織之內遞延的影響，他們採取的各種政治策略說明《C報》內部的新聞生產實際上是一個具有高度複雜性的政治過程。來自外界的衝撞力量以及內部爭取自主的行動為組織制度和整體媒體結構提供變革的可能，雖然結果因權力／資本結構的限制導致失敗，不過反抗一直都在，人們的行動為台灣社會蓄積未來的運動力量。

關鍵字

新聞自由 ； 中國因素 ； 媒體集團 ； 獨裁者邏輯

並列摘要

This study aims to explore the internal politics of production of C Times and its news content of the human rights in China after being merged into the W Group in order to explain how the external capital/power structure affects the operation mechanism of Taiwanese news content. The capitalists master the ownership and control of the Newspaper by utilizing the power of capital and the authority of dictatorship. With almost dictatorial governance logic, the new boss of the Newspaper controls the whole office of C Times through the intervention of the production processes of the two major areas, “China news” and “Self-related affairs”, and the limitation of the autonomy of news reporters. The Chinese government and the Taiwanese capitalists use the strategies of “product placement” and “political red-line news” to trade interests and form a specific “political relationship” between each other, which not only results in structural damage to the media production field, but also causes damage to press freedom. From 2008 to 2013, the number of China’s human rights news reported by C Times had decreased continuously, and it presents a mixing yet contrary characteristic of being trying to cater to Taiwanese readers but also being eager to move closer to the Chinese government’s position at the same time. This phenomenon is generated from the process of the exploitation of Taiwan’s news by the “power/capital alliance” that is consisting of the capitalism China and Taiwanese capitalists.
With the intention of exploiting Taiwan’s news, the China factor has aligned with Taiwanese capitalists. Because of the similar frequency, the two forces has created a resonance effect, causing a lingering effect inside the organization and further dominating the rules of the operation in the news area. As a result, the news journalists within the area choose a variety of actions to compete, defend, boycott, comply or avoid the lingering control from the China factor/capitalists, showing their autonomous power.
Actors in different positions and conditions are all affected by the changes in the external structure, the characteristics of journalistic work, and the authority deferred in the hierarchical organization. The various political strategies and actions they have taken just explain that the production of news inside C Times is actually a highly complex political process. The external impact and the internal autonomy-fighting action both can provide the possibility of revolution for the organization’s system and the overall media structure. Despite that the limitation of power/capital structure leads to failure, the resistance has remained constant. People’s actions have accumulated the strength for the future movements in Taiwan society.

並列關鍵字

press freedom ； China factor ； media group ； dictatorial logic

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