隨著全球化的時代來臨,科技發展極速,在越來越競爭的市場上,產品更加多樣化,客製化服務越來越多種且分工越來越細的情況之下,為了因應訂單性質的多樣化,本研究將考慮雙站單一前製品與單一後製品和多種後製品庫存等候線模型,以及雙站單一前製品與單一後製品大量訂單的生產策略。第一站為前製標準品加工站,第二站為後製客製品加工站,兩站分別各有一個庫存區,放置若干個完成品,此種方法為基本庫存量策略(Base Stock Policy)。並且會有兩類的顧客來到系統,一類為需要前製標準品且當沒有庫存的時候不會等待的顧客,一類為需要前製標準品或是客製後製品且當沒有庫存的時候會等待的顧客。定義績效指標為顧客在系統中的回應時間(Response Time)小於交付時間(Lead Time)的及時交付率(On Time Delivery Rate,OTDR)以及顧客滿足率(Fill Rate)。 應用矩陣幾何方法(Matrix-Geometric Method, MGM)以及生死過程(Birth-Death Process)求得系統相對應的極限機率,再應用階段型分配(Phase-Type Distribution)以及吸態(Absorbing State)求得顧客在系統中的回應時間(Response Time),進而找出及時交付率。 本研究的目的在於探討在第一站與第二站各有不同的基本庫存水準(Base Stock Level)下,觀察不同需求的顧客在系統中的顧客滿足率(Fill Rate)與及時交付率(OTDR),進而找到最佳的基本庫存水準。並探討當有大量訂單的時候,在不影響一般顧客滿足率和OTDR的情況之下,大量訂單的回應時間,找出最佳的生產策略。對製造商而言,必須在一般顧客的滿足率和OTDR以及大量訂單顧客的交付時間之間,取得最佳的基本庫存水準,以及最佳生產的策略,以達到最大的利潤。
In this age of globalization, more kind of product and customized services are available for uncertain customer requirement. In this study, we consider two production systems with base stock control policy. The first station produces standard products for all customers, and the second station modifies the semi-finished products from the first station to satisfy customer’s special demands. Firstly, we analyze a two station production system with two MTS (Make to Stock) production system. Secondly, we analyze a two station production system with one MTS production system in first station and four MTS production systems in second station. Usually, there will be 2 types of customers that will arrive at the system: (1) impatient customer - when there is no inventory in first station they will leave the system immediately resulting to a lost order; (2) patient customer - when there is no inventory in first station or second station they will wait in the system until there is a finish product. The performance indicators for customers in the system are defined as follows, response time less than the lead time is the On Time Delivery Rate (OTDR) and customer satisfaction rate is the Fill Rate. We use Matrix-Geometric Method (MGM) and Birth-Death Process to obtain the system’s corresponding limiting probabilities, subsequently use the Phase-Type Distribution and Absorbing State to obtain the response time of customers within the system, and then obtain the OTDR. The objectives of this study are to investigate if the first station and the second station have different basic Base Stock Level, observe the different requirement of customers in the system, determine the customer satisfaction rate as well as OTDR, and then find the best base stock level. Considering a third type of customer – large order from one customer, we determine the response time that does not influence the ordinary customer satisfaction rate and OTDR. For manufacturers knowing the best base stock level considering costumer’s satisfaction would optimize their profit.
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