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  • 學位論文

專案執行方法與技術知識對專案執行績效之影響

The Effects of Project Execution Methods and Technological Knowledge On R&D Project Performance

指導教授 : 謝龍發
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摘要


本文在研究新產品發展專案的執行階段之專案管理方法。根據個案觀察、組織的理論和產品發展文獻,提出關於專案執行的正式化,專案管理自主權和資源彈性的有效性方法。又目前知識經濟社會乃以智價產品為企業主要獲利的來源,因此本文亦探討技術知識路特性對於專案執行方法之關連,並兼考慮專案執行方法與技術知識路特性對專案績效之影響。 本研究實證對象為國內電子、資訊軟硬體及通訊等廠商之新產品開發專案,使用電子郵件方式,以問卷調查蒐集資料,得到70個新產品開發專案的樣本,採用階層迴歸分析方法來檢驗假設。研究結果發現如下: 1.廠商所使用的專案執行方法會影響專案執行績效。專案的「正式化」執行方法,對於專案的效率及績效之提昇較有幫助。在專案管理的「自主性」較高的專案,由於研發人員會產生較大的責任感,回饋性愈大,則專案執行成果愈能為研發人員所瞭解,因而提高創造力與生產力,因此對於專案執行績效亦有較佳的表現。但實證結果顯示資源彈性與專案執行績效為正相關,但未達顯著水準,究其原因可能是廠商的資源配置多於專案執行開始前已設定,專案管理者在專案執行期間並無權分派組織的資源。 2.廠商在開發專案中所採用的產品技術知識路徑相依度、技術知識內隱度與專案執行方法有關連,此一關連並對專案的執行績效有影響。在採用完全創新技術的專案中,其產品技術知識路徑相依度較低由於此新產品對於廠商而言,乃為其成功的關鍵因素,廠商會投注於更大的關心在此專案上,因而廠商會偏向於使用正式化較高、自主性較強與資源彈性較大的執行方式來進行,而使用這些執行方法,對於開發專案的績效具有正面的影響。但當技術知識內隱性較高時,廠商會使用正式化較高的執行方式來進行,其專案執行績效較佳,而使用自主性較強與資源彈性較大的執行方式來進行,對於專案執行績效並無顯著影響。 3. 研究結果顯示採用的技術知識路徑相依度愈低的專案,配合正式化專案執行方法時,其專案績效較佳;在採用內隱程度愈高的專案中,由於技術知識無法完整的以文件化方式呈現,必須倚賴研發人員及研發團隊的力量,因而在專案執行上,若能以較正式化的方式進行,則專案績效可提昇;專案研發人員的管理偏向自主性高,專案績效亦較佳;而技術知識路徑相依度與資源彈性對於績效的影響及技術知識內隱程度與資源彈性之關連,則研究結果為部份支持(雖符合假設,但未達顯著水準),技術知識路徑相依度與自主性對於績效的影響,實證結果與假設不符,有待後續研究。

並列摘要


This study investigates project management methods used during the execution phase of new product development projects. Based on prior case observations, organizational theory and new product development literature, this text pose hypotheses regarding the effectiveness of the project execution methods of formality, project management autonomy and resource flexibility. And then, the company’s main source of profit is intellectual property product in the knowledge economical century. Therefore, this text also study that technological knowledge character with regard to project execution method and in chorus consider both influence on the project performance. The subjects of the study are the various new product development projects. The sample of 70 completed new product development projects were drawn from the electronics、information technology and the communication industry. Questionnaires were used to collect data by Electronic Mail. In addition, the analytical method by hierarchical moderated regression was used to test the research hypotheses. This study reveals findings are that: 1. The project execution methods of and project management autonomy are positively associated with project execution performance. And the project execution method of resource flexibility is not positively associated with project execution performance, i.e., projects having a greater degree of formality, project management autonomy have higher levels of project execution performance. 2. The technological knowledge path dependencies are positively associated with three-project execution method. The technological knowledge tacit is positively associated with project execution method of formality, but the technological knowledge tacit is not positively associated with project execution method of project management autonomy and resource flexibility. 3. The technological knowledge character is associated with three project execution methods. And that the positive relationship between project execution methods of projects having a greater degree of formality and project execution performance is stronger in projects having lower technological knowledge path dependencies than in projects having higher technological knowledge path dependencies. The positive relationship between project formality, project management autonomy and project execution performance are stronger in projects having higher technological knowledge tacit than in projects having lower technological knowledge tacit.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


高崇凱(2014)。軟體業專案成本與利潤分析〔碩士論文,淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846%2fTKU.2014.01142
謝文川(2010)。導入CMMI對專案績效的影響〔碩士論文,淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846%2fTKU.2010.00044
林正慧(2008)。軟體專案績效評估模式之建立〔碩士論文,國立屏東科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6346%2fNPUST.2008.00069

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