納米技術在難燃PU材料上之製備與應用及其性質之研究

The Application of Nanocomposites on the Preparation and Properties of Flame-retardant Polyurethane

李佳晉(Jia-Jin Lee)

指導教授 ： 陳玉惠

中原大學/理學院/化學研究所/碩士(2001年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200100029

摘要

難燃高分子材料在軍事設備及航太工業之應用甚為重要，隨著
科技進步，難燃高分子材料製備之技術亦應不斷改進，而納米技術
即為最近發展迅速之領域亦可用於難燃材料上。
本研究主要以PU發泡體及PU薄膜為基材探討納米材對此高分子難燃性之影響，提高PU本身的耐燃性並藉此提高其附加價值，使難燃技術朝向無鹵素、低發煙量且更符合環保之要求。
在此研究中以Clay單獨或與磷氮環化合物、膨脹型石墨（EG）等難燃劑併用，應用到PU發泡體中，探討難燃劑混摻對發泡過程的影響及混摻後發泡體之難燃性質，而在PU薄膜中則只添加Clay，目的是與添加Clay之PU發泡體相比較，藉此瞭解Clay對難燃性之影響及其反應機構為何。此外，對添加難燃劑之PU發泡體利用TGA、LOI、Cone Calorimeter及萬能拉力機等測試其物性，而PU薄膜之性質則利用TGA、DSC、X-ray、FTIR及TEM等測試之。結果顯示，Clay的添加會影響發泡體的密度，本研究所製備之PU發泡體密度依添加量之不同可介於22-71kg/m3之間。添加Clay、磷氮環化合物及膨脹型石墨可改善發泡體之耐燃性，其中以添加5parts之2C12-Clay及10parts之膨脹型石墨的PU發泡體之改善效果較佳，LOI值由18提高至24.5（ΔLOI＝6.5）。而添加Clay之PU薄膜其熱性質會隨著Clay的添加量之增加而上升，其中以添加6％wtCH2-Clay之改善效果最佳，T5％由280.5℃提高至308.8℃（ΔT5％＝28.3℃）。另外從X-ray繞射儀及TEM的測試結果發現，Clay大多是以插層（intercalated）的型式分散在PU薄膜中。而添加Clay對PU薄膜之Tg並無多大的影響，這可由DSC的結果得知。

關鍵字

難燃劑 ； 聚氨基甲酸酯 ； 納米複合材料

並列摘要

This study is divided into two parts:
First , a series of novel polyurethane(PU) /Clay nanocomposite foams has been prepared from the polyurethane and the organoclay . Dilaurylmethylammonium bromide [CH3(CH2)11]2(CH3)2N.Br and 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane (H2NC6H5CH2C6H5NH2) were used as swelling agents to modify Na+-montmorillonite to organoclays (2C12-Clay and CH2-Clay) through ion exchange. For common the other flame-retardants such as expandable graphite(EG) and phosphazene [N3P3(OC6H5)3(NH2)3] were also used with organoclay to prepare the corresponding flame-retardant PU foams.
Secondly , PU films/Clay hybrids were prepared using a prepolymer method .The nanometer-scale layers of organoclay were completely intercalated in PU films as confirmed by the X-ray diffraction pattern and the transmission electron microscopy(TEM) studies . The segmented structures of PU were not interfered by the presence of the organoclay in thesenanocomposites as evidenced by their Tg from DSC and FTIR
measurements .
The thermal stability , flame-retardancy and mechanical property of the PU foams were characterized by TGA , LOI , cone calorimeter and tensile testing . The results showed that the PU foams/Clay , PU foams/Clay-EG , PU foams/Clay-TAPP all had good thermal stability and a higher char yield than the corresponding PPG-PU foams without flame-retardant . The LOI value of the best one was about 6.5 higher than the PPG-PU foams .When the organoclay was well dispersed in PU films , the degradation temperature of the PU /Clay nanocomposites films were slightly higher than that of the PPG-PU films .

並列關鍵字

Flame-retardant ； Nanocomposites ； Polyurethane

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