摘 要 電腦日漸普及,越來越多人使用。但是長時間電腦顯示終端機作業,容易引起眼睛乾澀、疼痛等視覺問題,以及頸肩部位痠麻、僵硬等骨骼肌肉系統傷害,所以電腦顯示終端機作業引起的人體傷害日亦受到重視。 在過去的研究可以發現有許多關於14吋螢幕的擺設建議,但是隨著科技的進步,螢幕尺寸越來越大,相對的會改變擺設時的螢幕高度、角度、觀視距離,進而影響使用者的工作姿勢、頸肩肌肉負荷、視覺表面積、視覺疲勞等,因此,本研究即探討不同尺寸大小的螢幕(15吋、17吋、19吋、21吋)與操作時間(0.5小時、1.0小時、1.5小時、2.0小時),對於長時間VDT工作者的頸肩肌肉活動、肌肉疲勞、視覺表面積、頸部角度、眨眼率、工作績效、主觀評量之影響。 實驗結果顯示,螢幕尺寸大小會對受測者的肌肉活動、肌肉疲勞、視覺表面積、工作績效、主觀疲勞、主觀喜好造成影響;至於操作時間長短則只會影響眨眼率。由本研究結果可知,在生理反應上,使用小尺寸螢幕時會造成頸肩肌肉活動劇烈,若使用大尺寸螢幕時,則會使視覺表面積增大,眼睛容易乾澀,各有其優缺點存在。綜合所有的變數,本研究可得到一明確的建議,19吋螢幕為較佳螢幕尺寸。
Abstract Computers are widely used today. Extended use of the computer display can cause visual strain and dryness, soreness and stiffness of the neck and shoulder. The disorders due to the use of the video display terminal have been an important focus in ergonomics. In the past, many ergonomic suggestions for the 14 inch display have been proposed in the literature. Following the improvement of technology, the size of the display has become increasingly larger. In response to the increasing size, users might adjust the display height, tilt angle and viewing distance, causing significant change in their working posture, musculoskeletal loads, ocular surface area, and visual strain, …et al. The research studied the effect of the display size on the long-term VDT users. Four different sizes of monitor(15,17,19, and 21inch)were used in the study. The dependent variables include the neck and shoulder muscle activity (EMG), local muscle fatigue, ocular surface area, neck angle, blink rate, task performance and subjective assessment. This research showed that the size of the display has an effect on the neck and shoulder muscle activity, local muscle fatigue, ocular surface area, task performance, and subjective assessment. In terms of muscular load, the smaller display size will impose larger neck and shoulder muscle activity. On the other hand, the larger display size will increase ocular surface area and cause eye dryness. Based on an overall evaluation of the variables investigated, the 19-inch display was suggested for use in long duration VDT operation.