論 文 摘 要 本論文之研究主題為「我國『金融檢查』與『財務隱私權』法制關聯性之探討-以銀行業之監理為中心」,目的在以銀行業為例,採取比較法之方式,檢討我國金融監理與檢查制度改進之道。並在主管機關實行金融檢查行為時,建構「銀行秘密」領域,使銀行客戶得享有財務隱私權,銀行得維持其對客戶之保密義務,其中涉及「衝突」與「妥協」之處,嘗試以公、私法領域作不同面向分析,並提出改革方向。 本論文之架構分為六章。 第一章說明本論文研究之動機、方法、限制與範圍。 第二章係以比較法之方式,檢視美國、德國及日本金融檢查實務現況,檢討我國金融監理與檢查制度之缺失,提出「依法行政」與「提升金檢效率」之建議。 第三章分析「財務隱私權」,以傳統隱私權為基礎,探討財務隱私權之內容,參酌美國「金融服務業現代化法案」與「財務隱私權法」,突顯出我國法制上的不足,期能提供為我國建立揭露財務資訊之正當法律程序之方向。 第四章說明銀行秘密領域的建構與銀行保密義務的維持,並引介美國之「銀行秘密法」,使財務隱私權與銀行秘密得以維持。 第五章以金融資訊之特殊性為主軸,分析行政法上「資訊公開」與金融法上「財務隱私權」、「銀行保密義務」的衝突,尋求槓桿上的平衡點,並針對金融檢查侵害權利的行為,分析救濟管道。 第六章結論係整合前述五章內容,提出五點改革芻議,希能對我國法制建構有所裨益。
Abstract This research primarily focuses on the correlation between “financial examination” and “financial privacy”, especially by adopting the comparative legal study method in order to discuss the reform of banking supervision in Taiwan. As the supervisory authority performing its financial examination, this paper intends to establish regulatory domain of bank secrecy, which not only entitle bank customers of obtaining their own financial privacy but maintain bank-customer obligations as well. Issues that involve “conflicts” and “reconciliation” will be further analyzed from both public and private law domain so as to furnish a tentative proposition for further improvement. The scheme of the research comprises six parts as follows: Part I illustrates the motives, methods, limitations and realm of this paper . Part II examines the real time practice of performing financial examination in advanced economies such as the United States, Germany and Japan on comparative legal study basis. By contrasting Taiwan’s current regulatory framework with those advanced experience, this research hereby proposes guidelines of “administration by the law” and “promoting efficiency of financial examination”. Part III analyzes “Right of Financial Privacy” through considering the updated United States’ Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 as well as “Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1992”, to protrude the inappropriateness of Taiwan’s regulation, inter alia, to suggest a due process of law while establishing financial disclosure system in Taiwan. Part IV depicts the balance between bank secrecy domain and banking obligations by introducing the United States’ “Bank Secrecy Act” so as to maintain the functional operation of financial privacy and bank secrecy in practice. Part V discusses the potential conflicts between “information disclosure”, as required by the administrative laws, and “financial privacy”, as required by the financial laws, by suggesting legal remedies of tortuous acts of rights to financial privacy in order to mediate the issues. Part VI concludes issues and propositions of this research and tentatively contours prospects of establishing Taiwan’s regulatory scheme of financial privacy .
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