半導體產業經營效率之研究 —資料包絡分析法之應用

A Study of Operational Efficiency in Semiconductor Industry— An Application of DEA Approach

馮秀鳳(Hsiu-Feng Feng)

指導教授 ： 張寶光 ； 周濟群

中原大學/商學院/會計研究所/碩士(2002年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200200112

摘要

本文評估國內半導體產業之經營效率，採用1997至2000年之年資料，其中包括18家IC設計廠商、11家IC製造廠商及12家IC封裝與測試廠商。利用資料包絡分析法經由CCR模式求得整體相對效率值，再透過BCC模式求得純粹技術效率值及規模效率值，並應用差額變數分析以求得在完全技術效率下最適的投入量，最後運用敏感度分析，探討當投入項數目減少時，對相對效率值的影響。本文結果發現，自86到89年這四年來規模效率均呈現遞增的狀態且每年度之平均值均高於純粹技術效率，如此可知，半導體產業整體是變動規模無效率大於規模無效率，顯示變動規模報酬之無效率是造成生產無效率的主要因素；由於變動規模報酬無效率之原因是來自公司管理階層的決策錯誤或管理不善，以致造成投入資源的浪費，顯示半導體業者在經營策略及管理決策上仍有需要改善的空間。整體而言，半導體產業之各次產業最關鍵的優勢項目為『銷貨成本』，意涵各次產業在製程開發及管理能力上表現卓越，使得成本得以降低，增加其獲利性。而『研發費用』亦為各次產業之優勢項目，但在幅度上有所差異，愈上游之次產業愈占有『研發』上之優勢。

關鍵字

經營效率 ； 半導體產業 ； 資料包絡分析法

並列摘要

The present study deals with the operational efficiency of semiconductor industry, and mostly I adopt materials from 1997 to 2000. Moreover, the materials of 18 companies of IC designing, 11 companies of IC producing and 12 companies of IC packaging are included in my thesis. Basically, I apply DEA method, by using CCR model to gain aggregate technical efficiency. Furthermore, I procure pure technical and scale efficiency through the use of BBC model.
After that, I acquire the most suitable input under aggregate technical efficiency by applying slack variable analysis. Finally, the application of sensitivity analysis helps to represent its influences on relate efficiency when the number of input decreases. It shows, in my thesis, that, from 1997 to 2000, scale efficiency has been slowly rising and the average of every year is higher than that of pure technical efficiency. As a result, the industry of semiconductor as a whole serves as an evidence that inefficiency of variable scale is higher than constant scale. In other words, the prime reason of inefficient production is owing to the inefficinecy of variable returns to scale.
However, the causes of the inefficinecy of variable returns to scale derive from the application of wrong policies or an ill management of the controlling class in a company. Such being the case, people from the ruling class of a semiconductor industry still need to be improved on strategic decision and managing policies. To sum up, the pivotal advantages of semiconductor industries is Cost of Goods Sale, which means that the more outstanding an industry becomes on process development and managing ability, the lower of the capital will need. R&D is also regarded as advantage of sub-industry, but it differs in degree. It will be more advantageous to become upstream sub-industry.

並列關鍵字

Semiconductor Industry ； Operational Efficiency ； DEA

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