供應鏈訂單分割與途程模式之研究

A Study on Supply Chain Order Splitting and Routing Model

陳玉琪(Yu-Chi Chen)

指導教授 ： 宮大川

中原大學/工學院/工業工程研究所/碩士(2002年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200200243

摘要

對現今以顧客需求為導向的供應鏈環境而言，完整的供應鏈管理系統愈形重要，而健全的供應鏈網路架構更為其中的重要因素之一。在由過去地區性的供應鏈，逐漸整合形成全球性多階模式(multi-echelon)之供應鏈體系的今日，供應鏈通路中將包含更多層級供應商、工廠、配銷中心以及更為廣範的顧客分佈群彼此間的配送行為，因此如何有效利用各地資源，以滿足顧客需求並使整體總成本最小是當今企業所關注的重點課題。而設立中央控管系統，整合各區域性貿易，以創造承接訂單的利基，儼然為一對策，故可藉由統一的訂單管理系統（Order Management System，OMS）將原先分屬各區域（region）自理的接單、銷售業務統籌列管，使整體供應鏈能充分發揮其最大功能。
在多階模式的供應鏈網路架構，初具網路以整合及架構上下游伙伴間的通路，但是當需求產生時，實際網路的鍵結方式卻可能受產量限制、交期限制等因素所影響，因此真正的通路鍵結將隨各節點上不同時點產量的變動，而呈現動態的變化。本研究旨在發展在需求確定的情況下，因應多個供應鏈網間生產能力（capability）、產能（capacity）及存貨等限制下的訂單分割與分派途程(Order splitting/routing)數學模式，並利用數量方法中的混合整數規劃(Mixed Integer Programming，MIP)來求解。我們將不考慮backlog情形，然為求循序漸進，將解題程序分為兩階段，在第一階段僅針對企業與1st tier間的單階模式作訂單分割的決策，在第二階段則引用第一階段的輸出變數當作此階段的輸入參數，採用由後往前推的規劃方式（Backward planning），針對從上游供應商至下游顧客端的多階供應鏈模式作訂單分派途程的決策。由於無法預期原物料供給量及工廠產能是否能滿足所有訂單需求，故將以產能充足與產能不足兩種情形來討論，後者是以dummy的觀念來滿足其中不足的部分，故分派到dummy設施點的需求量將被視為外包的數量或預留的庫存量。

關鍵字

訂單管理系統 ； 訂單分派途程 ； 訂單分割

並列摘要

Along with the supply chain environment of customer demand-orientation today, a comprehensive supply chain (SC) management system becomes popular and important. To it, a well-constructed supply chain logistic network is a key issue. A localized SC system from the past is gradually growing into a global multi-echelon SC system of today. In today’s system, a complex distribution behavior is revealed among levels of suppliers, factories, distribution centers, and customers, so how to take advantage of the resources anywhere to fulfil customer demand and consume minimum total cost is a concerned key issue for enterprises. Nevertheless, setting up a centralized control system to integrated trade at different regions seems a good strategy. The headquarter then builds up an order management system, OMS, to cooperate regions at different places about their receiving orders or sales, and so that bring the whole supply chain interest into full play.
In a multi-echelon supply chain model, partners are connected as a network structure. When demands occur, the corresponding logistic flows are formed based on the capacity restriction and due dates. Following capacity changes on nodes (i.e., partners), the logistic network flows update dynamically. The main purpose of this research is to develop a order splitting and routing model and solve this problem using mathematical method called mixed integer programming, especially, under a deterministic demand situation and with capability, capacity, and inventory restrictions among different supply chain networks. Without considering backlog condition, the original problem is solved in two stages, At the first stage, a single-echelon order splitting problem is considered between enterprise and 1st tier. At the second stage, we solve a multi-echelon order routing problem among the whole supply chain. By applying a backward planning method, the output at the first stage will become the input parameters at the second stage. Due to that quantity of raw materials and capacity may not fulfil all demand, the discussing problems are categorized as capacity sufficient and capacity insufficient. In the latter situation, dummy facilities are introduced to correspond to outsourcing or preserved inventory.

並列關鍵字

order management system ； order splitting ； order routing

參考文獻

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