大甲溪上游集水區三角形單位歷線參數之研究

The Parameter Identification of The Triangular Unit Hydrograph at upstream of Da-Jia River.

楊婕姝(Jie-Shu Yang)

指導教授 ： 張德鑫

中原大學/工學院/土木工程研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200500522

摘要

本研究推求降雨逕流歷線，採用單位歷線模式中易於推求且參數條件需求較低的三角形單位歷線。其基期與洪峰流量值推估中所考慮之形狀參數 值，乃由國外地文資料分析而得，並非完全適用於台灣地區。因此本研究將推估適用台灣地區的 值範圍及退水曲線等參數值。
本研究以大甲溪上游集水區為模擬場址，推求適用台灣地區之三角形單位歷線各因子之適用範圍。首先對近年發生四場颱風之水文資料以自行撰寫之程式分析，求得各子集水區之最佳 值，並以較早期發生之六場颱風進行降雨逕流模擬，以驗證各子集水區 值之適用性。至於流量歷線之退水段將考慮降雨入滲所造成基流量之改變，並求入滲量與基流量兩者間的比例因子，據以估計其退水係數。
本研究由四場颱風資料推估出各子集水區之最佳 值，依松茂站、七家灣站、南湖站及合歡溪站資料推估此四集水區分別為5.16、5.51、6.02及4.82。若引以驗證較早期所發生之六場颱風，其計算流量歷線之線型、洪峰流量及洪峰到達時間皆有不錯之模擬結果；至於入滲量與基流量兩者間的比例因子 ，其值約介於0.008至0.012間。其次退水段之退水係數 值為1.01時，其模擬結果與觀測資料相當接近。

關鍵字

集水區 ； 大甲溪 ； 集水區模擬系統 ； 三角形單位歷線

並列摘要

This research decide to use to triangular unit hydrograph that estimated easily and have lower condition to investigate the rainfall hydrograph. The shape parameter m in base time and peak flow is estimated by anglicizing form foreign investigations, not applied to Taiwan. Therefore, this study investigated the suitable range of m value and parameters of recession curve for Taiwan area.
The simulated site in this study is watershed of upstream of Da-Jia River, this research investigate the suitable range of the factor of triangular unit hydrograph. Therefore, based on hydrological date of the four typhoons recently, this research developed the program to estimate the m value of each subarea. On the other hand, based on rainfall-runoff model of early six typhoons, this study proved the suitable m value of each subarea. This study that considers the change of base flow makes form rainfall in order to investigate the recession segment. On the other hand, this research also according to the ratio factor between infiltration capacity and base flow to estimated the coefficient of recession.
Based on data from four typhoons, this research estimated the better m value in each subarea. According to measurement data form Sung-mao station, Chi-chia-wan station, Nan-hu station and Ho-huan-chi station, the m value in this study estimate is 5.16, 5.51, 6.02 and 4.82 respectively. Based on data from six typhoons on early stages, this research have the better simulation result in the trend of hydrograph, peak flow and time of peak flow.The rate factor between infiltration capacity and base flow is between 0.008~0.012. As coefficient of recession k value of the recession segment is 1.01, the simulation result in this study is approximately closed to practical measurement.

並列關鍵字

triangular unit hydrograph ； WMS ； watershed ； Da-Jia River

參考文獻

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