國內認證實驗室營運關鍵因素之研究 —以行動通訊實驗室為例

The Study of Critical Factors of Operation for Testing and Certification Laboratory – A Case of Mobile Communication Laboratory

別正容(Cheng-Jung Pieh)

指導教授 ： 胡宜中

中原大學/商學院/企業管理研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200600098

摘要

摘 要
行動通訊產業是一個發展極為快速及激烈的產業，面對技術不斷日新月異，手機製造大廠皆以加速研發過程、縮短產品上市時程維持競爭優勢，以往產品測試驗證需送至國外，耗費龐大不說，測試往返過程冗長延滯產品上市影響甚遠，故行動通訊實驗室應以協助手機製造商降低研發成本及加速產品上市為主要目標，執行研發測試服務。
由於行動通訊技術變化快速，要建立完整行動通訊實驗室不但需具備ISO/IEC 17025認可，更需積極參與國際組織瞭解技術標準現況，使國內行動通訊產業更具競爭力。目前行動通訊第二代至第三代符合性評估各項標準於全球認證協會（Global Certification Forum, GCF）及行動通訊型式認證平台（PCS Type Approval Certification Review Board, PTCRB）組織規定，其組織由電信業者、手機製造商、設備商及獨立性驗證實驗室組合而成，其中獨立性驗證實驗室主要工作為二，一是依標準進行測試並發報告，二是追踪各項標準狀況使各項標準維持其適用性。
國內加入WTO的時間並不長，對於外國人制定的遊戲規則尚未清楚瞭解，使國人認為驗證及建立標準好像是外國人才能玩的遊戲，長久以來不管是驗證或認證技術皆仰賴外國人，導致國內淪於外國人的殖民地，更讓人詫異的是連法人設立之測試實驗室，竟成為國外實驗室之業務員，藉國外知名機構為名招攬生意。另外一方面，過去我國手 機業者以OEM及ODM為主，手機製造商為使產品能快速及順利進入市場，忽略評選驗證實驗室的執行品質，一般以較具知名度能發測試報告，以及認證價格高低為選擇的主要因素。這也連帶使國內的測試實驗室均以降低成本為考量發展，並與國外知名實驗室合作，以減少實驗室內設備投資成本。面對未來我國將發展自有品牌，若實驗發展仍不脫以往處理模式，則將陷入被操控之地位，不僅無法架構關鍵技術，甚至影響國內通訊產業的發展。若國內電信業者、手機產業及測試驗證實驗室能合作進入國際組織，將有助於國內於通訊產業之發展。
由於韓國TTA組織所處環境背景及條件與本國類似，且近年來韓國在通訊產業有長足的進展與表現，故將可提供國內通訊業借鏡，本研究以該組織的營運模式為例，依其成立歷史及提供服務配合文獻探討研擬本文架構，並針對國內手機產業發放問卷，以尋求國內驗證實驗室營運關鍵因素及未來發展方向。

關鍵字

行動通訊 ； 測試認證實驗室 ； PTCRB ； GCF ； 營運關鍵因素

並列摘要

Abstract
The development to the business of mobile communication is growing rapidly and becoming quite high pitched in nowadays. Facing the technique changing with each passing day, the manufactures of mobile equipment on a large scale are all focused the efforts on accelerating the procedure of research and development and abbreviating the schedule of launching products. In the past, the Mobile Communication （MC） needs to be sent abroad for testing certificate. By doing this, it not only consumes big expense but also wastes a lot of time that arrearage MC products launched into the market. Therefore, the mobile communication testing labs should target on helping the MC manufactures in reducing the cost and speeding up the product-birth.
In order to promote itself to owe a better competitiveness, a MC testing lab not only must possess the accreditation certificate of ISO/IEC 17025 and also needs to aggressively participate the international organizations for a better understanding in the standard criteria of testing. Now, the 2nd and 3rd generation mobile communication are conformance testing which are modified by GCF （Global Certification Forum） and PTCRB （PCS Type Approval Certification Review Board）. These two organizations are composed of GSM operators, MC manufactures, equipment dealers, and independence accreditation labs. There are two main tasks for the labs; one is executing the tests and issuing the reports according to the standard criteria, the other one is tracing all kinds of criteria standards and maintain the standards’ applicability.
Because the time of Taiwan entering WTO is not long enough, leads the companies in Taiwan not familiar with the game rules coming from the foreign countries and may think that the certificate and criteria would only can be build by other countries. It’s being a long time that we depend on other countries’ technologies of testing and accreditation. On the other hand, it also because the major business of Taiwan in the past were Original Equipment Management （OEM） and Original Design Management （ODM）, the MC manufacturers usually ignored the qualities of accreditation labs and only pursuing the producing speed and seeking the fast way for products launching into the market. The key factors for them choosing the labs are depended on how low the price the labs will offer. Moreover, some of them cooperated with the foreign companies in order to low down the cost. Certainly and necessary, Taiwan has to develop its own brands. That’s the reason why the companies in Taiwan should get rid off the traditional processing methods to jump out from the position of under control and have the cooperation among GSM operators, MC manufactures, equipment dealers, and independence accreditation labs. Upon the cooperation, consequentially, it will be a lot of help for developing the business of communication and creating a leading position in compare with other countries.
Due to the background environment and condition of TTA, a GSM organization in Korea, are quite similar to Taiwan’s and also its performance is pretty glorious recently, the case study in this research was constructed under TTA and it also provided the operation pattern, the communication history, and the before/after service of TTA. And the collected information that described in this research was come from communication businesses upon questionnaires. The purpose of this research is hoping that it will allow the communication businesses inland can alert to the strong competition and try their best to improve their operation pattern and, of course, deeply think of the direction in the future for going smoother, better, and stronger.

並列關鍵字

PCS Type Certification Review Board （PTCRB） ； Test & Certification Laboratory ； Critical Factors of Operation ； Mobile Communication ； Global Certification Forum （GCF）

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