在逆物流中考量不完美品質與第三方物流之最適存貨與定價策略

Considering imperfect quality and third-party logistics for the optimal inventory and pricing policies in reverse logistics

林柏超(Po-Chao Lin)

指導教授 ： 邱裕方

中原大學/電機資訊學院/工業與系統工程研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201000827

摘要

近年因為環境保護和相關法規的制定，許多業者必須對於自身產品進行回收，這對於傳統供應鏈將產生衝擊，相對的導致逆物流的產生而逆物流包含了回收與再製造等過程，對於一般企業要進行逆物流形成了相當的困難度，因此有學者提出以第三方物流協助製造商進行回收，可降低製造商的相關成本支出，並針對第三方物流提出成本模式，但卻缺乏製造商和第三方物流的相關利潤，以及製造商的批發價格等模式。進而無法確認第三方物流進行回收與製造商進行回收的利潤差異，導致第三方物流是否適合進行回收形成一大問題。而且傳統的存貨模型為了獲得最佳經濟訂購量（EOQ）或經濟生產量（EPQ）皆會假設檢驗過程不會發生錯誤，但事實上檢驗誤差將會對廠商產生重大影響 (如：整體利潤與廠商的信譽等)。同時本研究於逆物流中考量了經濟訂購批量與定價問題使製造商與零售商在決定產品售價時可依據自身的成本決定最佳零售價格與批發價格。
經由本研究的數值範例與假說檢定中可以發現第三方物流確實對於製造商利潤有顯著的提升，故可知第三方物流進行回收是可行的。而檢驗誤差對利潤的影響在敏感度分析中呈現負相關表示對於製造商利潤會隨檢驗誤差而降低。而本研究發現當批發價格增加對製造商利潤會提高對零售價格降低；反之，批發價格降低對製造商利潤會降低對零售價格提高。故可知製造商與零售商兩者的售價必須有一固定關係才能使兩方都可獲利。

關鍵字

不完美品質 ； 第三方物流 ； 逆物流 ； 定價 ； 存貨

並列摘要

Reverse logistics includes the processes of recovery and remanufacturing, and it makes the performance of reverse logistics for enterprises much difficult. Third-party logistics provider which was shown to assist manufacturers in returning could reduce the related cost. Most scholars proposed the cost model of third-party logistics, but only a few considered the wholesale price of manufacturers and the related profit of manufacturers and third-party logistics. Therefore, whether third-party logistics is appropriate to perform returning is an important problem. The previous researches about Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) or Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) assumed the inspection process as 100% perfect; however, the inspection error would affect the operation of enterprises, such as the total profit and the reputation of enterprises. This research considered EOQ and pricing problem in reverse logistics to decide the optimal selling price and wholesale price. From numerical example and hypothesis test, this study found that third-party logistics provider could significantly increase the profit of manufacturers. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis indicated that the inspection error and profit have negative correlation. This research also found that the increase of the wholesale price would increase the profit of manufacturers and decrease the selling price; on the other hand, the decrease of the wholesale price would decrease the profit of manufacturers and increase the selling price. A stable relationship between the prices of the manufacturer and the retailer would make profit for both the manufacturer and the retailer.

並列關鍵字

pricing ； imperfect quality ； reverse logistics ； inventory ； third-party logistics

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