自然天災,如地震、颱風、颶風、水災、乾旱、疾病傳染等,經常造成人們生命與財產的重大損失。當災難發生時,無論是自然的或是人為的,對人民的生命安全及國家的經濟發展都造成了莫大的影響。災難一旦發生,必須及時搶救,救災單位若能在有限的時間內統整災區物資需求,有效地將救援物送資到災民手上,以避免物資配送不及或供需失衡等現象。 大規模賑災存在著複雜與困難的問題,在時間有限下適量的分發物資到適當地區是最為重要的目標,但亦必須考量其他的因素。通常災難發生時,則會缺少適當交通工具運輸物資,使許多食品、藥品敗壞及壓壞,所以本次研究加入物品損耗性因素的考量。 本次研究將對緊急災害系統對於物資的捐贈和配給進行探討,災難發生後,災區對外發出物資需求訊號和對於災區需求不確定性之情形,各地物資集中到物資站,依照災區不同之訊號將物資經運送送到災區進行使用,並考量物資的損耗性,以總成本最小化為目標。探討緊急供應鏈中物資存貨模式,以提供需要單位處理災難發生之緊急狀況。
The natural disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons, hurricanes, famine, droughts, and infectious disease, etc., often cause people great loss of life and property. When disaster occurs, whether naturally or artificially, it can influence safety and development of economic. It’s the importance to rescue victims urgently and timely. If disaster relief units rescue in a limited time to integrate the demanded goods from victims and effectively deliver to stricken region, it can avoid the emergent supply shortages and the imbalanced demand. Large-scale disaster relief is a complex and difficult issues. The most important goal is to distribute supplies proportionally to the imperative areas in a restricted time; while other factors should be considered. When the disaster happens usually the stricken zones will be lack of adequate transport to deliver materials, plenty of foods, medicines may be corrupt and crushed; therefore, distribution factor would be added in this model. In this study, the emergency system is to explore how to distribute and collect materials. After disaster occurs, the disaster area releases the demand signal; however, there is uncertain demand. Disaster relief units centralize the material according to the different signals to supply to the disaster areas, considering the distribute factor to minimize the total cost goals. This emergency inventory model will to provide any emergency unit to manage a disaster situation as reference.