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  • 學位論文

不同窗面玻璃對眩光抑制與景觀眺望的影響

Research on the effect of the window glass on glare inhibition and the property of permitting a view

指導教授 : 謝明燁
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摘要


窗是建築的主要採光設備,而「採光」是窗的重要機能之一。可透光的窗面玻璃可以讓晝光進入室內,減少人工光源的使用,進而達到節能的效果。但另一方面,由窗面進入的晝光往往輝度過高,容易造成「眩光」的問題。除了「採光」外,「景觀眺望」也是窗的機能之一,現今的窗面玻璃因光熱環境的考量做了許多加工處理,以便創造出不同的「色彩」、「透過率」與「反射率」組合。然而,當玻璃的透過率降低時,窗外景物的明亮度與清晰度勢必將受到影響,綜上所述,由於窗面玻璃的「眩光抑制」以及「景觀眺望」與室內環境品質息息相關,本研究將以窗面玻璃為對象,探討其與「眩光抑制」以及「景觀眺望」之間的定性定量關係。 本研究在眩光抑制方面,以1:10縮尺模型取代1:1的足尺空間。藉由縮尺模型的方式進行室內空間輝度的量測實驗。利用儀器量測室內空間窗面輝度與背景輝度,再將數據代入國際照明委員會(CIE)訂定的眩光指標UGR公式做檢討,模擬室內在不同窗面玻璃、開窗率、開窗方位及太陽軌跡區間的條件下,其眩光程度之差異。景觀眺望評價所牽涉的都是心理上與視覺上的主觀感覺,無法透過儀器測量得知。故本研究採用主觀評價問卷的方式來進行實驗,以靜態與動態影像為評價對象,以量化的數值比較受測者在不同窗面玻璃環境下所感知的景觀眺望程度。 本研究針對不同玻璃種類,進行眩光抑制與景觀眺望的評估,可獲得以下結論。 (1)光源輝度、背景輝度與UGR眩光指數以透明玻璃最高,而反射玻璃(銀)最低。玻璃的可視光透過率越高,室內空間UGR眩光指數也越高。 (2)北向開窗的光源輝度明顯高於南向開窗。北向開窗雖然沒有直接光照射,但眩光程度比有直接光照射的南向開窗更加嚴重。若以自然採光的角度來看,南向開窗可以選擇玻璃透過率較高的玻璃,增加室內自然採光,同時不使眩光超過標準。北向開窗可選擇玻璃透過率較低的玻璃來抑制窗面眩光。 (3)色板玻璃(綠)在景觀眺望上,各項目的評價皆有最佳的表現,推測與實驗所採用的景觀類型有關。本研究所採用的景觀主體除了周圍的諸多建築物外,尚有許多綠色植栽在內。如同攝影學上的濾鏡效果,色板玻璃(綠)很可能正好強化了綠色植栽景觀在色彩等視覺上的效果,因此整體得到了最佳的評價。

關鍵字

景觀 心理 評價 窗戶 玻璃 眩光

並列摘要


Windows are the main lighting equipment of a building. “Lighting” is the most important function of windows. The transmitted window glass allows daylight radiates into indoor, reducing the using of artificial light, which has great contribution to saving lighting energy. However, on the other hand, the daylight comes in from the window is often too bright to have glare problems. Besides “lighting,” “view seeing” is another function of windows. Today, due to considering the light and heat environment, window glasses have many process procedures to create different “color,” “luminousness,” and “reflectivity.” However, when the luminousness of window glasses lowers, the clearness of the scenery, brightness, and clearness must be influenced. To sum up, “glare restraining” and “view seeing” have close relationship with indoor environment quality. This research uses window glasses as discussion subject to explore the characteristic and quantitative relationship between “glare restraining” and “view seeing.” In glare restraining, this research used 1:10 reduced scale model in place of 1:1 full size space. The measurement experiment of indoor brightness was carried out with reduced scale model. The indoor window brightness and background brightness were measured with instruments. The data figure was substituting into the UGR formula, the glare index, stipulated by CIE, to have further discussed. The differences of the glare under different window glasses, window open rate, window open direction, and sun track in indoor. The evaluation of view seeing involves with psychological and subjective sense of sight, which cannot be measured through instruments. Therefore, this research adopted subjective evaluation questionnaire to proceed with the experiment. The static and dynamic images were being evaluated, and compared the view seeing degree sensed by the respondents in different window glasses with quantitative data. This research evaluated glare restraining and view seeing with different kind of glass. The followings are the conclusions. (1)Transparent glass has the highest index in light source brightness, background brightness, and UGR glare index; reflective glass (silver) has the lowest. The more transparent a glass is, the URG glare index indoor is higher. (2)The northern windows have better brightness than southern windows. Although northern windows have no direct light, its glare degree is more serious than southern window with direct light. From this we can see that the glare problem caused by the reflective light from the northern neighboring buildings is more serious than southern buildings. Viewing from the angle of nature light, southern windows can choose high transparent glass to increase nature indoor light, not exceeding glare standard at the same time. The northern windows can choose low transparent glass to restrain glare. (3)Colored glasses (green) have the best performance on every item of the questionnaire. It is inferred that this has something to do with the scenery type chosen. Besides using surrounding buildings, this research used many green plants. Just like the filter effect in photography, colored glasses (green) might just have strengthened the color effect of the green plants. Therefore, they have the best evaluation.

並列關鍵字

evaluation view psychology windows glare glass

參考文獻


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